World Intellectual Property Organization

The Global Innovation Index 2022 (GII) tracks global innovation trends against the background of an ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, slowing productivity growth and other evolving challenges. The latest edition focuses on the effect of innovation on productivity and wellbeing of society over the coming decades. GII ranking is based on two sub-indices that are both equally important in presenting a complete picture of innovation; the Innovation Input Sub-Index and the Innovation Output Sub-Index. Hence, three indices are calculated: ⦁ Innovation Input Sub-Index: Five input pillars capture elements of the economy that enable and facilitate innovative activities. ⦁ Innovation Output Sub-Index: Innovation outputs are the result of innovative activities within the economy. Although the Output Sub-Index includes only two pillars, it carries the same weight as the Input Sub-Index in calculating the overall GII scores. ⦁ The overall GII score is the average of the Input and Output Sub-Indices, on which the GII economy rankings are produced. Methodology: The Innovation Input Sub-Index rank is computed based on a simple average of the scores in the first five pillars, while the Innovation Output Sub-Index rank is computed based on a simple average of the scores in the last two pillars. Scores are normalized values that fall within the 0–100 range.

Zaire, officially the Republic of Zaire, was the name of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 1971 and 1997.

Total patent applications (direct and PCT national phase entries)

Data cited at: "Program and Budget"@ WIPO which is made available under a BY 3.0 IGO License

Data cited at: "World Intellectual Property Report 2017–Intangible Capital in Global Value Chains" @WIPO2017 which is made available under a BY 3.0 IGO License   The World Intellectual Property Report 2017 examines the crucial role of intangibles such as technology, design and branding in international manufacturing. Macroeconomic analysis is complemented by case studies of the global value chains for three products – coffee, photovoltaic energy cells and smartphones – to give an insightful picture of the importance of intellectual property and other intangibles in modern production.