United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (OECD, EUROSTAT, CIS) official sources. General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked or rescaled to build long consistent time series. Wages common currency (US$) estimates: are computed by the UNECE Secretariat using the nominal exchange rates. Gross average monthly wages cover total wages and salaries in cash and in kind, before any tax deduction and before social security contributions. They include wages and salaries, remuneration for time not worked, bonuses and gratuities paid by the employer to the employee. For most countries wages cover total economy and are expressed per full-time equivalent employee. This enables comparison of different countries irrespective of the length of working time and the share of part-time and full-time workers. Where data are not available in full-time units, it has been mentioned in the note for the corresponding country. In these cases, the wages are either expressed for full-time workers only or total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. In the case of three countries, wages do not cover total economy. Iceland collects wages for the private sector only. Serbia excludes services provided by households, and Turkey excludes agriculture, fishing and forestry as well as services provided by households. Three countries measure wages and salaries in cash only, excluding in kind remuneration. These are Bosnia and Herzegovina, Estonia and Iceland. .. - data not available Country: Albania Data for the years 1991-1996 only cover wages in the public sector. Data from 1997 includes earnings in public and private sector. The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Country: Armenia The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1993 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new Armenian dram = 200 old rubles. Data from 2012 and later include employers' statutory social security contributions. Country: Azerbaijan The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1993 denomination of the ruble: 1 new manat = 10 old rubles. 2006 redenomination of the ruble: 1 new manta = 5000 old rubles. Country: Belarus The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1994 denomination of the Belarusian ruble: 1 new ruble = 10 old rubles. 2000 redenomination of the ruble: 1 new ruble = 1000 old rubles. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina The wages include remuneration in cash only, not in kind, and the total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Country: Bulgaria 1999 denomination of the Bulgarian leva: 1 new Bulgarian leva = 1000 old leva. Country: Croatia The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Free lancers and craft workers are not included. 1994 denomination of the Croat dinar: 1 new Croatian Kuna = 1000 dinars. Country: Cyprus Data refer to full-time workers only. 2008: Euro has become the legal tender currency. Country: Estonia The total wages include remuneration in cash only, not in kind. Estonian currency from 1st January 2011 is euro, prior to 2011 - Estonian kroon (EEK), 1992 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new kroon = 10 old rubles. Country: Georgia The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1995 denomination of the lari-kupon: 1 new Georgian Lari = 1000000 old lari-kupon. Country: Iceland Data refer to full-time workers in the private sector only including manufacturing, construction, trade and transport. The wages include remuneration in cash only, not in kind. Country: Israel Data refer to average monthly wages per employee job total, including territories and foreigners. The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Country: Kazakhstan The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1992 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new Kazakh tenge = 500 old rubles. Country: Kyrgyzstan The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1993 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new Kyrgyz = 200 old rubles. Data for 1990-2006 includes the value of housing. Country: Latvia 2014: Euro has become the legal tender currency. 1992 denomination of the Latvian rubble: 1 new Latvian lat = 200 old Latvian talonas. Country: Lithuania 2015: Euro has become the legal tender currency. 1993 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new litas = 100 old rubles. Country: Luxembourg 2008: Euro has become the legal tender currency. Country: Moldova, Republic of The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1993 denomination of the cupon: 1 new leu = 1000 old cupon. Country: Montenegro The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Country: Poland 1995 denomination of the Polish zloty: 1 new zloty = 10000 old zloty. Country: Romania 1991 denomination of the Lei: 1 new Leu = 10 000 old Lei. 2005 redenomination of the Leu: 1 New Leu = 10000 old Leu. Country: Russian Federation The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1998 denomination of the Russian ruble: 1 new ruble = 1000 old rubles. Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013. Country: Serbia 1999 excludes Kosovo and Metohija. The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Wages in services provided by households are not included, covers economic activities A-O (ISIC Rev.3). Country: Slovakia 2009: Euro has become the legal tender currency. Country: Tajikistan The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 2000 denomination of the Tajik ruble: 1 new Tajik somoni = 1000 old rubles. Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Data before 1999 only include payment in cash. 1992 denomination of the Yugoslav dinar: 1 new Macedonian denar = 1 old Yugoslav dinar. 1993 redenomination of the Macedonian denar: 1 new Macedonian denar = 100 old Macedonian denar. Country: Turkey Turkey does not produce these data annually. Since 2008, the wages and salaries in education, heath and social work as well as in other community, social and personal services were included in the data. The data exclude agriculture, fishing and forestry as well as services provided by households. The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1995 denomination of the Lira: 1 New Turkish lira = one million old lira. Country: Turkmenistan 1993 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 Turkmen Manat = 500 Soviet rubles. 2009 redenomination of the Turkmen manat: 1 New Turkman Manat = 5000 old Turkman Manat. Country: Ukraine The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1996 denomination of the Karbovanets: 1 new Ukrainian hryvnia = 100000 old Karbovanets. Country: Uzbekistan 1993 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new Uzbekistan sum = 1000 old ruble.