United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

.. - data not available Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (EUROSTAT, OECD, CIS) official sources. Definition:Employment, as referred to the System of National Accounts 1993, covers all persons - both employees and self-employed - engaged in a productive activity that falls within the production boundary of the system. It includes both the residents and the non-residents who work for resident producer units. In case of deviation, the actual definition is provided in the country footnote. Employment data provided in this table generally differ from employment data provided in Gender Statistics, which cover only residents. General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked or rescaled to build long consistent time series. As a result, absolute figures presented in this table may differ from those published by National Statistical Offices and should be taken with caution. However, the derived growth rates correspond to the originally reported series. Regional aggregates are computed by UNECE secretariat. For more details see the composition of regions note. Country: Albania Employment: end of period. Country: Armenia Employment: LFS - based. Country: Azerbaijan Geographical coverage: excludes Nagorno-Karabakh. Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: LFS - based. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Employment:LFS - based. Country: Croatia Employment: LFS-based. Country: France Geographical Coverage: Data for France include the overseas departments (DOM). Country: Georgia Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali). Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: Register-based. Country: Israel Employment: LFS-based. Designation and data provided by Israel. The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem. Country: Kazakhstan Employment: LFS-based. Country: Lithuania Employment: LFS-based. Country: Moldova, Republic of Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Transnistria. Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: LFS-based. Country: Romania Employment: LFS-based. For the years 1990-2001 UNECE estimates. Country: Russian Federation Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: LFS-based. Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013. Country: Serbia Geographical Coverage: from 1999, excludes Kosovo and Metohija. Employment: LFS - based. Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Employment: LFS-based. Country: Turkey Employment: Annual breakdowns by activity and quarterly data are LFS-based. Country: Ukraine Employment: LFS-based. Geographical coverage: from 2014, does not includes all territory of Ukraine.

.. - data not available Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (EUROSTAT, OECD, CIS) official sources. Definition:Employment, as referred to the System of National Accounts 1993, covers all persons - both employees and self-employed - engaged in a productive activity that falls within the production boundary of the system. It includes both the residents and the non-residents who work for resident producer units. In case of deviation, the actual definition is provided in the country footnote. Employment data provided in this table generally differ from employment data provided in Gender Statistics, which cover only residents. General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked or rescaled to build long consistent time series. As a result, absolute figures presented in this table may differ from those published by National Statistical Offices and should be taken with caution. However, the derived growth rates correspond to the originally reported series. Regional aggregates are computed by UNECE secretariat. For more details see the composition of regions note. Country: Albania Employment: end of period. Country: Armenia Employment: LFS - based. Country: Azerbaijan Geographical coverage: excludes Nagorno-Karabakh. Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: LFS - based. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Employment:LFS - based. Country: Croatia Employment: LFS-based. Country: France Geographical Coverage: Data for France include the overseas departments (DOM). Country: Georgia Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali). Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: Register-based. Country: Iceland Employment: LFS - based. Country: Israel Employment: LFS-based. Designation and data provided by Israel. The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem. Country: Kazakhstan Employment: LFS-based. Country: Kyrgyzstan Employment: LFS - based. Country: Lithuania Employment: LFS-based. Country: Moldova, Republic of Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Transnistria. Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: LFS-based. Country: Romania Employment: LFS-based. For the years 1990-2001 UNECE estimates. Country: Russian Federation Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: LFS-based. Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013. Country: Serbia Geographical Coverage: from 1999, excludes Kosovo and Metohija. Employment: LFS - based. Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Employment: LFS-based. Country: Turkey Employment: Annual breakdowns by activity and quarterly data are LFS-based. Country: Ukraine Employment: LFS-based. Geographical coverage: from 2014, does not includes all territory of Ukraine.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD, World Bank) official sources. General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked and rescaled to build long consistent time series. The national accounts estimates are compiled according to 2008 SNA (System of National Accounts 2008) or 1993 SNA (System of National Accounts 1993). Constant price estimates are based on data compiled by the National Statistical Offices (NSOs), which reflect various national practices (different base years, fixed base, chain, etc.). To facilitate international comparisons, the data reported by the NSOs have been scaled to the current price value of of the common reference year. The resulting chain constant price data are not additive. Common currency (US$) estimates are computed by the secretariat using purchasing power parities (PPPs), which are the rates of currency conversion that equalise the purchasing power of different currencies. PPPs, and not exchange rates, should be used in international comparisons of GDP and its components. Regional aggregates are computed by the secretariat. For national accounts all current price aggregates are sums of national series converted into US$ at current PPPs of GDP; all constant price aggregates are calculated by summing up national series scaled to the price level of the common reference year and then converted into US$ using PPPs of GDP of the common reference year. Due to conversion and rounding the resulting aggregates and components could be non-additive. For more details see the composition of regions note. Growth rates (per cent) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified. Contributions to per cent growth in GDP (in percentage points) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified.Country/Region: IsraelDesignation and data provided by Israel. The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD, World Bank) official sources. General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked and rescaled to build long consistent time series. The national accounts estimates are compiled according to 2008 SNA (System of National Accounts 2008) or 1993 SNA (System of National Accounts 1993). Constant price estimates are based on data compiled by the National Statistical Offices (NSOs), which reflect various national practices (different base years, fixed base, chain, etc.). To facilitate international comparisons, the data reported by the NSOs have been scaled to the current price value of of the common reference year. The resulting chain constant price data are not additive. Common currency (US$) estimates are computed by the secretariat using purchasing power parities (PPPs), which are the rates of currency conversion that equalise the purchasing power of different currencies. PPPs, and not exchange rates, should be used in international comparisons of GDP and its components. Regional aggregates are computed by the secretariat. For national accounts all current price aggregates are sums of national series converted into US$ at current PPPs of GDP; all constant price aggregates are calculated by summing up national series scaled to the price level of the common reference year and then converted into US$ using PPPs of GDP of the common reference year. Due to conversion and rounding the resulting aggregates and components could be non-additive. For more details see the composition of regions note. Growth rates (per cent) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified. Contributions to per cent growth in GDP (in percentage points) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified. .. - data not available Country: Albania Currency: Albanian lek (ALL). Country: Armenia Currency: Armenian dram (AMD), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:200 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Austria Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Austrian Schilling (ATS); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 13.7603 ATS/€. Country: Azerbaijan Currency: New Azerbaijanian manat (AZN), in 2006 replaced old manat (AZM) at 1:5000. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Belarus Currency: Belarusian rouble (BYR) redenominated at 1:10 in 1994, at 1:1000 in 2000, and again 1:10000 in July 2016. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Belgium Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Belgian Franc (BEF); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 40.3399 BEF/€. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Currency: Bosnia and Herzegovina, convertible marka (BAM). Geographical coverage: GDP and population cover the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska. Country: Bulgaria Currency : Bulgarian leva (BGN), redenominated at 1:1000 in 1999. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Canada Currency: Canadian dollar (CAD). Country: Croatia Currency: Croatian kuna (HRK), replaced the Croat dinar at 1:1000 in 1994. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Cyprus Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2008 - Cypriot pound (CYP); historical data converted into €. Country: Czechia Currency : Czech koruna (CZK). Country: Denmark Currency : Danish krone (DKK). Country: Estonia Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2011 - Estonian kroon (EEK), replaced the Soviet rouble in 1992 with a peg to the deutsche mark (8:1). Data are converted to the latest currency. Country: Finland Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Finnish markka (FIM); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 5.94573 FIM/€. Country: France Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - French franc (FRF); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 6.55957 FRF/€. Country: Georgia Currency: Georgian lari (GEL), replaced the lari-kupon at 1: 1000000 in 1995. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Geographical coverage: from 1993, excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali). Country: Germany Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Deutsche Mark (DEM); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 1.95583 DEM/€. Geographical coverage: The statistics for Germany refer to Germany after unification. Official data for Germany after unification are available only from 1991 onwards. Country: Greece Currency: Euro (€); prior to 2001 - Greek Drachma (GRD); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 340.75 GRD/€. Country: Hungary Currency : Hungarian forint (HUF). Country: Iceland Currency: Iceland krona (ISK). Country: Ireland Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Irish Punt (IEP); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 0.787564 IEP/€. Country: Israel Designation and data provided by Israel. The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem. Country: Israel Currency: New shekel (ILS). Geographical coverage: Designation and data provided by Israel.The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem. Country: Italy Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Italian Lira (ITL); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 1936.27 ITL/€. Country: Kazakhstan Currency: Kazakh tenge (KZT), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:500 in 1992. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Kyrgyzstan Currency: Kyrgyz som (KGS). Country: Latvia Currency: Euro (€); prior to 2014 - Latvian lat (LVL), replaced Latvian rouble at 1:200 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency unit. Country: Lithuania Currency: Euro (€); prior to 2015 - Lithuanian litas (LTL). All data are expressed in the latest currency unit. Country: Luxembourg Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Luxembourg Franc (LUF); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 40.3399 LUF/€. Country: Malta Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2008 - Maltese lira (MTL); historical data converted into euro. Country: Moldova, Republic of Currency: Moldovan leu (MDL). Geographical coverage: from 1993, excludes Transnistria. Country: Montenegro Currency: Euro (€); prior to 2001 - Deutsche Mark (DEM); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 1.95583 DEM/€. Country: Netherlands Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Dutch Guilder (NLG); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 2.20371 NLG/€. Country: Norway Currency: Norvegian krone (NOK). Country: Poland Currency : Polish zloty (PLZ), redenominated at 1:10000 in 1995. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Portugal Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Portuguese Escudo (PTE); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 200.482 PTE/€. Country: Romania Currency: New Romanian leu (RON). Country: Russian Federation Currency: Russian rouble (RUB), redenominated at 1:1000 in 1998. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013. Country: Serbia Currency : Serbian Dinar (RSD). Geographical coverage: from 1999, excludes Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Slovakia Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2008 - Slovak koruna (SKK). Data are converted to the latest currency. Country: Slovenia Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2007 - Slovenian tolar (SIT); historical data converted at fixed conversion rate of 239,640 SIT/€. Country: Spain Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Spanish Peseta (ESP); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 166.386 ESP/€. Country: Sweden Currency : Swedish krona (SEK). Country: Switzerland Currency: Swiss franc (CHF). Country: Tajikistan Currency : Tajik somoni (TJS), replaced the Tajik rouble at 1:1000 in 2000. The Tajik rouble replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:100 in 1994. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Currency : Macedonian denar (MKD), replaced the Yugoslav dinar at 1:1 in 1992, redenominated at 1:100 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Turkey Currency : Turkish lira (TRL). Country: Turkmenistan Currency : Turkmen manat (TMM), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:500 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Ukraine Currency : Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH), replaced the former karbovanets at 1:100000 in 1996. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Geographical coverage: from 2014, does not includes all territory of Ukraine. Country: United Kingdom Currency: British pound (GBP). Country: United States Currency: United States dollar (USD). Country: Uzbekistan Currency: Uzbekistani sum (UZS), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:1000 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD, World Bank) official sources. General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked and rescaled to build long consistent time series. The national accounts estimates are compiled according to 2008 SNA (System of National Accounts 2008) or 1993 SNA (System of National Accounts 1993). Constant price estimates are based on data compiled by the National Statistical Offices (NSOs), which reflect various national practices (different base years, fixed base, chain, etc.). To facilitate international comparisons, the data reported by the NSOs have been scaled to the current price value of of the common reference year. The resulting chain constant price data are not additive. Common currency (US$) estimates are computed by the secretariat using purchasing power parities (PPPs), which are the rates of currency conversion that equalise the purchasing power of different currencies. PPPs, and not exchange rates, should be used in international comparisons of GDP and its components. Regional aggregates are computed by the secretariat. For national accounts all current price aggregates are sums of national series converted into US$ at current PPPs of GDP; all constant price aggregates are calculated by summing up national series scaled to the price level of the common reference year and then converted into US$ using PPPs of GDP of the common reference year. Due to conversion and rounding the resulting aggregates and components could be non-additive. For more details see the composition of regions note. Growth rates (per cent) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified. Contributions to per cent growth in GDP (in percentage points) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified. .. - data not available Country: Albania Currency: Albanian lek (ALL). Country: Armenia Currency: Armenian dram (AMD), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:200 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Austria Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Austrian Schilling (ATS); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 13.7603 ATS/€. Country: Azerbaijan Currency: New Azerbaijanian manat (AZN), in 2006 replaced old manat (AZM) at 1:5000. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Belarus Currency: Belarusian rouble (BYR) redenominated at 1:10 in 1994, at 1:1000 in 2000, and again 1:10000 in July 2016. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Belgium Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Belgian Franc (BEF); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 40.3399 BEF/€. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Currency: Bosnia and Herzegovina, convertible marka (BAM). Geographical coverage: GDP and population cover the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska. Country: Bulgaria Currency : Bulgarian leva (BGN), redenominated at 1:1000 in 1999. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Canada Currency: Canadian dollar (CAD). Country: Croatia Currency: Croatian kuna (HRK), replaced the Croat dinar at 1:1000 in 1994. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Cyprus Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2008 - Cypriot pound (CYP); historical data converted into €. Country: Czechia Currency : Czech koruna (CZK). Country: Denmark Currency : Danish krone (DKK). Country: Estonia Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2011 - Estonian kroon (EEK), replaced the Soviet rouble in 1992 with a peg to the deutsche mark (8:1). Data are converted to the latest currency. Country: Finland Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Finnish markka (FIM); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 5.94573 FIM/€. Country: France Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - French franc (FRF); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 6.55957 FRF/€. Country: Georgia Currency: Georgian lari (GEL), replaced the lari-kupon at 1: 1000000 in 1995. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Geographical coverage: from 1993, excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali). Country: Germany Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Deutsche Mark (DEM); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 1.95583 DEM/€. Geographical coverage: The statistics for Germany refer to Germany after unification. Official data for Germany after unification are available only from 1991 onwards. Country: Greece Currency: Euro (€); prior to 2001 - Greek Drachma (GRD); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 340.75 GRD/€. Country: Hungary Currency : Hungarian forint (HUF). Country: Iceland Currency: Iceland krona (ISK). Country: Ireland Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Irish Punt (IEP); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 0.787564 IEP/€. Country: Israel Designation and data provided by Israel. The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem. Country: Israel Currency: New shekel (ILS). Geographical coverage: Designation and data provided by Israel.The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem. Country: Italy Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Italian Lira (ITL); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 1936.27 ITL/€. Country: Kazakhstan Currency: Kazakh tenge (KZT), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:500 in 1992. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Kyrgyzstan Currency: Kyrgyz som (KGS). Country: Latvia Currency: Euro (€); prior to 2014 - Latvian lat (LVL), replaced Latvian rouble at 1:200 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency unit. Country: Lithuania Currency: Euro (€); prior to 2015 - Lithuanian litas (LTL). All data are expressed in the latest currency unit. Country: Luxembourg Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Luxembourg Franc (LUF); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 40.3399 LUF/€. Country: Malta Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2008 - Maltese lira (MTL); historical data converted into euro. Country: Moldova, Republic of Currency: Moldovan leu (MDL). Geographical coverage: from 1993, excludes Transnistria. Country: Montenegro Currency: Euro (€); prior to 2001 - Deutsche Mark (DEM); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 1.95583 DEM/€. Country: Netherlands Currency: Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Dutch Guilder (NLG); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 2.20371 NLG/€. Country: Norway Currency: Norvegian krone (NOK). Country: Poland Currency : Polish zloty (PLZ), redenominated at 1:10000 in 1995. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Portugal Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Portuguese Escudo (PTE); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 200.482 PTE/€. Country: Romania Currency: New Romanian leu (RON). Country: Russian Federation Currency: Russian rouble (RUB), redenominated at 1:1000 in 1998. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013. Country: Serbia Currency : Serbian Dinar (RSD). Geographical coverage: from 1999, excludes Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Slovakia Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2008 - Slovak koruna (SKK). Data are converted to the latest currency. Country: Slovenia Currency : Euro (€); prior to 2007 - Slovenian tolar (SIT); historical data converted at fixed conversion rate of 239,640 SIT/€. Country: Spain Currency : Euro (€); prior to 1999 - Spanish Peseta (ESP); historical data converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 166.386 ESP/€. Country: Sweden Currency : Swedish krona (SEK). Country: Switzerland Currency: Swiss franc (CHF). Country: Tajikistan Currency : Tajik somoni (TJS), replaced the Tajik rouble at 1:1000 in 2000. The Tajik rouble replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:100 in 1994. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Currency : Macedonian denar (MKD), replaced the Yugoslav dinar at 1:1 in 1992, redenominated at 1:100 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Turkey Currency : Turkish lira (TRL). Country: Turkmenistan Currency : Turkmen manat (TMM), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:500 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Country: Ukraine Currency : Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH), replaced the former karbovanets at 1:100000 in 1996. All data are expressed in the latest currency units. Geographical coverage: from 2014, does not includes all territory of Ukraine. Country: United Kingdom Currency: British pound (GBP). Country: United States Currency: United States dollar (USD). Country: Uzbekistan Currency: Uzbekistani sum (UZS), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:1000 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD, World Bank) official sources. General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked and rescaled to build long consistent time series. The national accounts estimates are compiled according to 2008 SNA (System of National Accounts 2008) or 1993 SNA (System of National Accounts 1993). Constant price estimates are based on data compiled by the National Statistical Offices (NSOs), which reflect various national practices (different base years, fixed base, chain, etc.). To facilitate international comparisons, the data reported by the NSOs have been scaled to the current price value of of the common reference year. The resulting chain constant price data are not additive. Common currency (US$) estimates are computed by the secretariat using purchasing power parities (PPPs), which are the rates of currency conversion that equalise the purchasing power of different currencies. PPPs, and not exchange rates, should be used in international comparisons of GDP and its components. Regional aggregates are computed by the secretariat. For national accounts all current price aggregates are sums of national series converted into US$ at current PPPs of GDP; all constant price aggregates are calculated by summing up national series scaled to the price level of the common reference year and then converted into US$ using PPPs of GDP of the common reference year. Due to conversion and rounding the resulting aggregates and components could be non-additive. For more details see the composition of regions note. Growth rates (per cent) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified. Contributions to per cent growth in GDP (in percentage points) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified. .. - data not available

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, OECD, UN) official sources. Definition: Population, as referred to the System of National Accounts 1993, is the annual average number of persons present in the economic territory of a country, including institutional population. Employment, as referred to the System of National Accounts 1993, covers all persons - both employees and self-employed - engaged in a productive activity that falls within the production boundary of the system. It includes both the residents and the non-residents who work for resident producer units. In case of deviation, the actual definition is provided in the country footnote. Population data provided in this table may slightly differ from population data provided in Gender Statistics, due to the use of different sources. Employment data provided in this table generally differ from employment data provided in Gender Statistics, which cover only residents. General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked or rescaled to build long consistent time series. As a result, absolute figures presented in this table may differ from those published by National Statistical Offices and should be taken with caution. However, the derived growth rates correspond to the originally reported series. Regional aggregates are computed by UNECE secretariat. For more details see the composition of regions note. .. - data not available Country: Albania Population: estimates from UN Population Division - may differ from national data. Employment: From 2007 data according to the Labour Force Survey. Country: Armenia Employment: LFS - based. Country: Azerbaijan Geographical coverage: excludes Nagorno-Karabakh. Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: LFS - based. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Geographical coverage: Data on total population/ total employment cover the whole country, i.e. the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska. Country: Croatia Employment: LFS-based. Country: France Geographical Coverage: Data for France include the overseas departments (DOM). Country: Georgia Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali). Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: Register-based. Country: Israel Employment: LFS-based. Designation and data provided by Israel. The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem. Country: Kazakhstan Employment: LFS-based. Country: Lithuania Employment: LFS-based. Country: Moldova, Republic of Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Transnistria. Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: LFS-based. Country: Romania Employment: LFS-based. For the years 1990-2001 UNECE estimates. Country: Russian Federation Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Employment: LFS-based. Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013. Country: Serbia Geographical Coverage: from 1999, excludes Kosovo and Metohija. Employment: LFS - based. Country: Tajikistan Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually. Measurement: Growth rate , Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Employment: LFS-based. Country: Turkey Population: estimates from UN Population Division - may differ from national data. Employment: annual breakdowns by activity and quarterly data are LFS-based. Country: Turkmenistan Population: estimates from UN Population Division - may differ from national data. Country: Ukraine Employment: LFS-based. Geographical coverage: from 2014, does not includes all territory of Ukraine.

UNECE Clearing House on Migration Statistics is a platform for data exchange on migration statistics for countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) established with the purpose of improving the understanding migration processes and the systems of measuring migration in the region. The data are presented as submitted by national statistical offices. For more information about the methodology of producing statistics on international migration in EECCA region, please refer to the UNECE Handbook on the Use of Administrative Sources and Sample Surveys to Measure International Migration in CIS Countries and the documentation of UNECE Workshops on Migration Statistics. Country: Armenia Data source: 2001, 2011 - population and housing census; 2015 and onwards - administrative source. Country: Azerbaijan Data source: population and housing census. Country: Belarus The sum of the age groups does not correspond to the ''Total'' since age was unknown for a number of persons. Data source: population and housing census. Country: Georgia Data source: 2002 - population and housing census; 2011 and onwards - administrative source. Country: Kyrgyzstan Data source: population and housing census. Country: Moldova, Republic of ''Other'' includes a number of migrants for which the country is unknown. Data source: population register. Country: Russian Federation In 2010, the sum of the age groups does not correspond to the ''Total'' since the age was unknown for a number of persons. Data source: 2010 - population and housing census. Country: Ukraine In 2001, the sum of the age groups does not correspond to the ''Total'' since age was unknown for a number of persons. The population count does not include the territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol. The General Assembly has addressed the status of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol in resolution 68/262 of 27 March 2014. Data source: 2001 - population and housing census; 2011 and onwards - the annual estimate of the number of permanent residents as of January 1 carried out by the State Statistics Committee.

UNECE Clearing House on Migration Statistics is a platform for data exchange on migration statistics for countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) established with the purpose of improving the understanding migration processes and the systems of measuring migration in the region. The data are presented as submitted by national statistical offices. For more information about the methodology of producing statistics on international migration in EECCA region, please refer to the UNECE Handbook on the Use of Administrative Sources and Sample Surveys to Measure International Migration in CIS Countries and the documentation of UNECE Workshops on Migration Statistics. Country: Armenia Data source: 2001, 2011 - population and housing census; 2015 and onwards - administrative source. Country: Azerbaijan Data source: population and housing census. Country: Belarus The sum of the age groups does not correspond to the ''Total'' since age was unknown for a number of persons. Data source: population and housing census. Country: Georgia Data source: 2002 - population and housing census; 2011 and onwards - administrative source. Country: Kyrgyzstan Data source: population and housing census. Country: Moldova, Republic of ''Other'' includes a number of migrants for which the country is unknown. Data source: population register. Country: Russian Federation In 2010, the sum of the age groups does not correspond to the ''Total'' since the age was unknown for a number of persons. Data source: 2010 - population and housing census. Country: Tajikistan Data source: 2000, 2010 - population and housing census; 2011-2014 - source unspecified. Country: Ukraine In 2001, the sum of the age groups does not correspond to the ''Total'' since age was unknown for a number of persons. The population count does not include the territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol. The General Assembly has addressed the status of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol in resolution 68/262 of 27 March 2014. Data source: 2001 - population and housing census; 2011 and onwards - the annual estimate of the number of permanent residents as of January 1 carried out by the State Statistics Committee.

The total for ''All countries'' includes persons for whom the country of previous residence is unknown.UNECE Clearing House on Migration Statistics is a platform for data exchange on migration statistics for countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) established with the purpose of improving the understanding migration processes and the systems of measuring migration in the region. The data are presented as submitted by national statistical offices. For more information about the methodology of producing statistics on international migration in EECCA region, please refer to the UNECE Handbook on the Use of Administrative Sources and Sample Surveys to Measure International Migration in CIS Countries and the documentation of UNECE Workshops on Migration Statistics. Definition: Unless noted otherwise, an international migrant is defined as any person who changes his or her country of usual residence. A long-term migrant is a person who moves to a country other than that of his or her usual residence for a period of at least a year. A short-term migrant is a person who moves to a country other than that of his or her usual residence for a period of at least 3 months but less than a year. Country: Armenia In 2001 and 2011 the registered data refer to the date of conducting the Population Census and the number exceeds the total foreign population living in Armenia. Data from 2014 onwards are based on administrative sources. Data source: 2001, 2011 - population and housing census; 2014 and onwards - population register. Country: Azerbaijan Data source: residence permits. Country: Belarus Data source: residence permits. Country: Georgia From 2013, long-term migration refers to those who have left or moved to Georgia for at least 6 months. Data source: 2002 - population and housing census; 2012 and onwards - administrative source. Country: Kazakhstan Data source: 2009 - population and housing census; 2010 and onwards - residence permits. Country: Kyrgyzstan Data source: administrative source. Country: Russian Federation 2011 break in series: the Russian Federation introduced a new methodology for estimating immigration. From 2011 onwards, the source of data on international migration (long-term immigration) is registration at the place of residence and at the place of stay for a period of 9 months or more in the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. In 2011 and 2012, the full break down by age and sex is not available for some countries of previous residence. The total flow from each country of previous residence is available. Data source: administrative source. Country: Tajikistan The sum of the age groups does not correspond to the ''Total'' since age was unknown for a number of persons. Data source: administrative source. Country: Ukraine 2001 data include all those who have ever moved. Data source: 2001 - population and housing census; 2011, 2012 - residence permits. Country: Uzbekistan Data from 2011 to 2014 include internal migrants within Uzbekistan. Data source: administrative source.

UNECE Clearing House on Migration Statistics is a platform for data exchange on migration statistics for countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) established with the purpose of improving the understanding migration processes and the systems of measuring migration in the region. The data are presented as submitted by national statistical offices. For more information about the methodology of producing statistics on international migration in EECCA region, please refer to the UNECE Handbook on the Use of Administrative Sources and Sample Surveys to Measure International Migration in CIS Countries and the documentation of UNECE Workshops on Migration Statistics. The total for ''All countries'' includes persons for whom the country of next residence is unknown. Definition: Unless noted otherwise, an international migrant is defined as any person who changes his or her country of usual residence. A long-term migrant is a person who moves to a country other than that of his or her usual residence for a period of at least a year. A short-term migrant is a person who moves to a country other than that of his or her usual residence for a period of at least 3 months but less than a year. Country: Armenia Data source: 2001, 2011 - population and housing census; 2014 and onwards - population register. Country: Azerbaijan Data source: exit permits. Country: Belarus Data source: residence permits. Country: Georgia From 2013, long-term migration refers to those who have left or moved to Georgia for at least 6 months. Data source: 2002 - population and housing census; 2012 and onwards - administrative source. Country: Kazakhstan Data source: exit permits. Country: Kyrgyzstan For a number of persons the information on the country of next residence is missing in the source. Data source: administrative source. Country: Moldova, Republic of Data source: population register. Country: Russian Federation 2012 break in series: the Russian Federation introduced a new methodology for estimating emigration. From 2012 onwards, the source of data on international migration (long-term emigration) is registration at the place of residence and at the place of stay for a period of 9 months or more. In 2011 and 2012, the full break down by age and sex is not available for some countries of next residence. The total flow from each country of next residence is available. Data source: administrative source. Country: Tajikistan The sum of the age groups does not correspond to the ''Total'' since age was unknown for a number of persons. Data source: administrative source. Country: Ukraine Data source: administrative source. Country: Uzbekistan Data from 2011 to 2014 include internal migrants within Uzbekistan. Data source: administrative source.

UNECE Clearing House on Migration Statistics is a platform for data exchange on migration statistics for countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) established with the purpose of improving the understanding migration processes and the systems of measuring migration in the region. The data are presented as submitted by national statistical offices. For more information about the methodology of producing statistics on international migration in EECCA region, please refer to the UNECE Handbook on the Use of Administrative Sources and Sample Surveys to Measure International Migration in CIS Countries and the documentation of UNECE Workshops on Migration Statistics. Definition: Unless noted otherwise, an international migrant is defined as any person who changes his or her country of usual residence. A long-term migrant is a person who moves to a country other than that of his or her usual residence for a period of at least a year. A short-term migrant is a person who moves to a country other than that of his or her usual residence for a period of at least 3 months but less than a year. Country: Armenia Data source: 2001, 2011 - population and housing census; 2015 and onwards - population register. Country: Azerbaijan Data indicate the number of persons who obtained a permanent residence permit in Azerbaijan. Azer citizens returning from abroad are not included in the total number. Data source: residence permits. Country: Belarus Data source: residence permits. Country: Georgia From 2013, long-term migration refers to those who have left or moved to Georgia for at least 6 months. Data source: 2002 - population and housing census; 2012 and onwards - border cards. Country: Kyrgyzstan Data source: administrative source. Country: Russian Federation 2011 break in series: the Russian Federation introduced a new methodology for estimating immigration. From 2011 onwards, the source of data on international migration (long-term immigration) is registration at the place of residence and at the place of stay for a period of 9 months or more in the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Data source: administrative source. Country: Ukraine Data source: 2001 - population and housing census; 2011, 2012 - residence permits.

UNECE Clearing House on Migration Statistics is a platform for data exchange on migration statistics for countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) established with the purpose of improving the understanding migration processes and the systems of measuring migration in the region. The data are presented as submitted by national statistical offices. For more information about the methodology of producing statistics on international migration in EECCA region, please refer to the UNECE Handbook on the Use of Administrative Sources and Sample Surveys to Measure International Migration in CIS Countries and the documentation of UNECE Workshops on Migration Statistics. Definition: Unless noted otherwise, an international migrant is defined as any person who changes his or her country of usual residence. A long-term migrant is a person who moves to a country other than that of his or her usual residence for a period of at least a year. A short-term migrant is a person who moves to a country other than that of his or her usual residence for a period of at least 3 months but less than a year. Country: Armenia Data source: 2011 - population and housing census; 2015 and onwards - population register. Country: Azerbaijan Data indicate the number of persons who obtained an exit permit in Azerbaijan. Azer citizens are not included in the total number. Data source: exit permits. Country: Belarus Data source: residence permits. Country: Georgia From 2013, long-term migration refers to those who have left or moved to Georgia for at least 6 months. Data source: 2002 - population and housing census; 2012 and onwards - border cards. Country: Kyrgyzstan Data source: administrative source. Country: Moldova, Republic of Data source: population register. Country: Russian Federation 2012 break in series: the Russian Federation introduced a new methodology for estimating emigration. From 2012 onwards, the source of data on international migration (long-term emigration) is registration at the place of residence and at the place of stay for a period of 9 months or more. Data source: administrative source. Country: Ukraine Data source: administrative source.

UNECE Clearing House on Migration Statistics is a platform for data exchange on migration statistics for countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) established with the purpose of improving the understanding migration processes and the systems of measuring migration in the region. The data are presented as submitted by national statistical offices. For more information about the methodology of producing statistics on international migration in EECCA region, please refer to the UNECE Handbook on the Use of Administrative Sources and Sample Surveys to Measure International Migration in CIS Countries and the documentation of UNECE Workshops on Migration Statistics. Country: Azerbaijan Data source: residence permits. Country: Belarus Data source: administrative source. Country: Georgia Data source: civil register. Country: Kyrgyzstan Data source: administrative source. Country: Moldova, Republic of Data source: population register. Country: Russian Federation Data source: administrative source. Country: Ukraine Data source: administrative source.

The UNECE Clearing House on Migration Statistics is a platform for data exchange on migration statistics for countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA), established with the purpose of improving the understanding of migration processes and the systems of measuring migration in the region. The data are presented as submitted by national statistical offices. For more information about the methodology of producing statistics on international migration in EECCA region, please refer to the UNECE Handbook on the Use of Administrative Sources and Sample Surveys to Measure International Migration in CIS Countries and the documentation of UNECE Workshops on Migration Statistics. Country: Azerbaijan Data source: residence permits. Country: Belarus Data source: residence permits. Country: Moldova, Republic of Data source: population register. Country: Tajikistan Disaggregation by sex is only available for people who immigrated for work purposes. Data source: work permits.