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Please be aware that this indicator has been rescaled, i.e. data is expressed in relation to EU27_2020 = 100. Thus, they are not comparable with previous releases. Comparative price levels are the ratio between Purchasing power parities (PPPs) and market exchange rate for each country. PPPs are currency conversion rates that convert economic indicators expressed in national currencies to a common currency, called Purchasing Power Standard (PPS), which equalises the purchasing power of different national currencies and thus allows meaningful comparison. The ratio is shown in relation to the EU average (EU27_2020 = 100). If the index of the comparative price levels shown for a country is higher/ lower than 100, the country concerned is relatively expensive/cheap as compared with the EU average.

Fertilisers contain important nutrients, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), which plants absorb from the soil for their growth. With the harvest of crops for human and livestock consumption, or for industrial uses, N and P are removed from the soil. Continuing agricultural production without replenishing soil nutrients could lead to decrease soil fertility and even lead to soil degradation and erosion. Fertilisers are therefore essential to sustain agricultural production. Fertilisers are also used to increase crop yields and improve soil characteristics. The use of manufactured fertilizers as a regular farming practice began in most European countries in the mid to late nineteenth century but the greatest increase in consumption in these countries occurred in the three decades following World War II. The manufacturing of fertilisers greatly enhanced crop yields and agricultural production, and aided the large increase in the world population in the 20th Century. However when the quantity of nutrients applied exceeds the plants' nutritional requirements, there is a greater risk of nutrient losses from agricultural soils into ground and surface water. The resulting higher concentration of nutrients can cause serious degradation of ecosystems (such as eutrophication). Certain forms of Nitrogen can also volatilise into the air as ammonia, contributing to acidification, , atmospheric pollution with micro particules, or with emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas contributing to climate change. In addition fertilisers may also have adverse environmental effects resulting from their production processes. More specifically, nitrogenous fertilisers require large amounts of energy to be produced leading potentially to higher levels of greenhouse gas emissions. In a different way, phosphorus fertilisers also have an environmental impact, since the raw materials used to produce them are mined, therefore potentially leading to landscape destruction, water contamination, excessive water consumption or air pollution. This table contains data on the total use of manufactured fertilisers expressed in tonnes of N, P, P2O5, K and K2O received from Fertilizers Europe. Manufactured fertilisers are also often referred to as inorganic fertilisers or mineral fertilisers. For a definition see 3.4. Fertilizers Europe represents the major fertilizer manufacturers in Europe. Its members account for approximately 81 percent of the region's nitrogen fertilizer capacity and around 55 percent of phosphate fertilizer capacity (EU-25 and Norway).

The European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) aims at measuring on a harmonised basis and with a high degree of comparability among Member States (MS) the health status (including disability), health determinants (including environment) and use and limitations in access to health care services of the EU citizens. The general coverage of the survey is the population aged 15 or over living in private households residing in the territory of the country. EHIS was developed between 2003 and 2006. It consists of four modules on health status, health determinants, health care, and background variables. The first wave of EHIS (EHIS wave 1 or EHIS round 2008) was conducted between 2006 and 2009 in 17 EU Member States as well as Switzerland and Turkey. The second wave (EHIS wave 2 or EHIS round 2014) was conducted between 2013 and 2015 in all EU Member States, Iceland and Norway. Some other countries conducted their national health interview surveys using the second wave of EHIS questionnaire such as Turkey or Serbia. EHIS includes the following topics: Health status This topic includes different dimensions of health status and health-related activity limitations: General health status (Minimum European health module): self-perceived health, chronic morbidity and activity limitationDisease-specific morbidityAccidents and injuriesHealth-related absenteeism from workPhysical and sensory functional limitationsDifficulties in personal care activities / activities of daily living (such as eating and washing) and help received/neededHousehold activities / Instrumental activities of daily living (such as preparing meals and shopping) and help received/neededPainAspect of mental health (psychological distress and mental well-being in the first wave, depressive symptoms in the second wave)Work-related health problems (only in the first wave).Health care This topic covers the use of different types of medicines and formal and informal health and social care services, which are complemented by data on health-related expenditure, and limitations in access to and satisfaction with health care services: Hospitalisation (in-patient and day care)Consultations with doctors and dentistsVisits to specific health professionals (such as physiotherapists or psychologists)Use of home care and home help servicesUse of medicines (prescribed and non-prescribed)Healthcare preventive actions (such as influenza vaccination, breast examination, cervical smear test and blood tests)Unmet needs for health careOut-of-pocket payments for medical care (only in the first wave)Satisfaction with services provided by healthcare providers (only in the first wave)Visits to specific categories of alternative medicine practitioners (only in the first wave).Health determinants This topic includes various individual and environmental health determinants: Height and weightPhysical activity/exerciseConsumption of fruits, vegetables and juiceSmoking behaviour and exposure to tobacco smokeAlcohol consumptionSocial supportProvision of informal care or assistance (only in the second wave)Illicit drug use (only in the first wave)Environment (home and workplace exposures, criminality exposure) (only in the first wave).Background variables on demography and socio-economic status. All indicators are expressed as percentages within the population and statistics are broken down by age and sex and one other dimension such as educational attainment level, income quintile group or labour status. Additional breakdowns such as country of birth, country of citizenship, activity limitation are planned to be used.

This indicator covers the consumption of energy in all modes of transport (road, rail, inland navigation and aviation) in toe, with the exception of maritime (bunkers) and pipelines. The main fuels covered are oil products, electricity and small quantities of gases and biofuels.   The indicator is a Sustainable Development Indicator (SDI). It has been chosen for the assessment of the progress towards the objectives and targets of the EU Sustainable Development Strategy.   tsdtr250´s table within the SDI set: Eurobase > Tables on EU policy > Sustainable Development Indicators > Sustainable transport > Transport and mobility > Energy consumption of transport, by mode (tsdtr250)

Note: Data is no longer being updated on source: https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/international-markets-us-trade/international-consumer-and-food-industry-trends/#data The Dataset contain data on expenditures on food (including nonalcoholic beverages), alcoholic beverages, and tobacco as a share of consumer expenditures on all goods and services for 86 countries. The tables also contain data on per capita consumer expenditures on goods and services, as well as per capita food expenditures for these countries. Data is available for the 104 countries for which this type of information is currently available in the source database, Euromonitor International. All expenditure data are in current U.S. dollars.

Final consumption expenditure consists of expenditure incurred by resident institutional units on goods or services that are used for the direct satisfaction of individual needs or wants or the collective needs of members of the community (ESA 2010 3.94). Private final consumption expenditure includes households' and Non Profit Institutions Serving Households (NPISH's) final consumption expenditure. Data are calculated as chain-linked volumes (i.e. data at previous year's prices, linked over the years via appropriate growth rates). Growth rates 'q/q-1 (sca)' with respect to the previous quarter and 'q/q-4 (sca)' with respect to the same quarter of the previous year are calculated from calendar and seasonally adjusted figures while growth rates 'q/q-4 (nsa)' with respect to the same quarter of the previous year are calculated from raw data.

Household expenditure refers to any spending done by a person living alone or by a group of people living together in shared accommodation and with common domestic expenses. It includes expenditure incurred on the domestic territory (by residents and non-residents) for the direct satisfaction of individual needs and covers the purchase of goods and services, the consumption of own production (such as garden produce) and the imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings.

6.1. Reference area

Final energy consumption covers the energy consumption of end-users, such as industry, transport, households, services and agriculture. It excludes consumption of the energy sector itself and losses occurring during transformation and distribution of energy (e.g. power plants, district heating plants, oil refineries, coke ovens, blast furnaces). It is also excluding all non-energy use of energy carriers (e.g. natural gas used for producing chemicals, oil based lubricants, bitumen used for road surface). Quantities delivered to international aviation and international marine bunkers are also excluded from the final energy consumption.

The indicator measures how much electricity and heat every citizen consumes at home excluding energy used for transportation. Since the indicator refers to final energy consumption, only energy used by end consumers is considered. The related consumption of the energy sector itself is excluded.

Note: Source no longer update this dataset. This data set contains estimates of total and marginal budget shares and income and price elasticities for nine broad consumption groups and eight food subgroups across 144 countries. Total and marginal budget shares and income and price elasticities are estimated using 2005 International Comparison Program (ICP) data, which is maintained by the ICP Development Data Group of the World Bank

Annual data on Household Final Consumption Expenditure broken down by COICOP-HBS (2003) categories and by certain cross-sectional variables. The main purpose of this survey at national level is to update the weights of the basket of goods and services used for the calculation of the HICP. However it may also be used for many other purposes either at national or European level: economic studies, social analyses, market research… Presented data are: mean consumption expenditure of private households; structure of mean consumption expenditure and household characteristics. Household final consumption expenditure is measured in national currency, Euro and PPS (purchasing power standard). HBS data are collected via the National HBS surveys in each participating country. Data collection involves a combination of one or more interviews and diaries or logs maintained by households and/or individuals, generally on a daily basis.    Data collection is approximately every 5 years: 1988, 1994, 1999, 2005 and 2010. Next reference year is 2015.

Annual data on Household Final Consumption Expenditure broken down by COICOP-HBS (2003) categories and by certain cross-sectional variables. The main purpose of this survey at national level is to update the weights of the basket of goods and services used for the calculation of the HICP. However it may also be used for many other purposes either at national or European level: economic studies, social analyses, market research… Presented data are: mean consumption expenditure of private households; structure of mean consumption expenditure and household characteristics. Household final consumption expenditure is measured in national currency, Euro and PPS (purchasing power standard). HBS data are collected via the National HBS surveys in each participating country. Data collection involves a combination of one or more interviews and diaries or logs maintained by households and/or individuals, generally on a daily basis.    Data collection is approximately every 5 years: 1988, 1994, 1999, 2005 and 2010. Next reference year is 2015.

Annual data on Household Final Consumption Expenditure broken down by COICOP-HBS (2003) categories and by certain cross-sectional variables. The main purpose of this survey at national level is to update the weights of the basket of goods and services used for the calculation of the HICP. However it may also be used for many other purposes either at national or European level: economic studies, social analyses, market research… Presented data are: mean consumption expenditure of private households; structure of mean consumption expenditure and household characteristics. Household final consumption expenditure is measured in national currency, Euro and PPS (purchasing power standard). HBS data are collected via the National HBS surveys in each participating country. Data collection involves a combination of one or more interviews and diaries or logs maintained by households and/or individuals, generally on a daily basis.    Data collection is approximately every 5 years: 1988, 1994, 1999, 2005 and 2010. Next reference year is 2015.

Annual data on Household Final Consumption Expenditure broken down by COICOP-HBS (2003) categories and by certain cross-sectional variables. The main purpose of this survey at national level is to update the weights of the basket of goods and services used for the calculation of the HICP. However it may also be used for many other purposes either at national or European level: economic studies, social analyses, market research… Presented data are: mean consumption expenditure of private households; structure of mean consumption expenditure and household characteristics. Household final consumption expenditure is measured in national currency, Euro and PPS (purchasing power standard). HBS data are collected via the National HBS surveys in each participating country. Data collection involves a combination of one or more interviews and diaries or logs maintained by households and/or individuals, generally on a daily basis.    Data collection is approximately every 5 years: 1988, 1994, 1999, 2005 and 2010. Next reference year is 2015.

Annual data on Household Final Consumption Expenditure broken down by COICOP-HBS (2003) categories and by certain cross-sectional variables. The main purpose of this survey at national level is to update the weights of the basket of goods and services used for the calculation of the HICP. However it may also be used for many other purposes either at national or European level: economic studies, social analyses, market research… Presented data are: mean consumption expenditure of private households; structure of mean consumption expenditure and household characteristics. Household final consumption expenditure is measured in national currency, Euro and PPS (purchasing power standard). HBS data are collected via the National HBS surveys in each participating country. Data collection involves a combination of one or more interviews and diaries or logs maintained by households and/or individuals, generally on a daily basis.    Data collection is approximately every 5 years: 1988, 1994, 1999, 2005 and 2010. Next reference year is 2015.

Annual data on Household Final Consumption Expenditure broken down by COICOP-HBS (2003) categories and by certain cross-sectional variables. The main purpose of this survey at national level is to update the weights of the basket of goods and services used for the calculation of the HICP. However it may also be used for many other purposes either at national or European level: economic studies, social analyses, market research… Presented data are: mean consumption expenditure of private households; structure of mean consumption expenditure and household characteristics. Household final consumption expenditure is measured in national currency, Euro and PPS (purchasing power standard). HBS data are collected via the National HBS surveys in each participating country. Data collection involves a combination of one or more interviews and diaries or logs maintained by households and/or individuals, generally on a daily basis.    Data collection is approximately every 5 years: 1988, 1994, 1999, 2005 and 2010. Next reference year is 2015.

Statistics included in the section Cultural expenditure comprise the data which are derived from two various sources: Household Budget Survey (HBS) and Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (HICP). Therefore the coverage and periodicity of statistics in this section depends on these primary sources. In culture statistics, individuals and households' expenditure on cultural goods and services can be considered as a proxy of the participation in culture; data on private expenditure give the key to complete the analysis of data coming from other sources (e.g. dedicated surveys on cultural participation like EU-SILC ad hoc module on social and cultural participation). This dimension allows a better understanding of the private financing of culture and in some way - access to culture. Moreover, the cultural consumption patterns of households can be put in larger context what enables to assess the weight of private expenditure on cultural goods relative to the total household expenditure.  Two types of data are currently available in Eurostat: households' expenditure on cultural goods and services (from HBS)harmonised indices of consumer prices (HICP) for main cultural goods and services (from HICP) The use of data on cultural expenditure was made possible thanks to the EU framework for culture statistics (the ESSnet-Culture final report 2012) that identified cultural activities (e.g. reading books and newspapers, listening to the music, playing video games, singing, dancing etc.). Starting from the list of activities, the corresponding goods and services were then spotted in the COICOP classification used in the Household Budget Survey (HBS). The HBS monitor the households’ expenditure on articles and services such as food, beverages, clothing, housing, water, electricity, health, transport, communication, education and travel.  In addition, it gathers the information on income, possession of consumer durable goods and cars; basic information on housing and many demographic and socio-economic characteristics. In HBS, the data can be expressed in national currencies, EUR and in PPS. The data on cultural expenditure are presented in PPS for selected cultural codes and for cultural aggregate. For further information on methodology of HBS survey, please consult the HBS metadata. As private expenditure is influenced, among others, by the prices level and structure, data on private expenditure on selected cultural goods and services can be completed by statistical information from the Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (HICP). HICPs give comparable measures of inflation, tracking over time the prices of consumer goods and services acquired by households. They use the COICOP classification categories for consumption. For further information on methodology of HICP, please consult the HICP metadata

Annual data on Household Final Consumption Expenditure broken down by COICOP-HBS (2003) categories and by certain cross-sectional variables. The main purpose of this survey at national level is to update the weights of the basket of goods and services used for the calculation of the HICP. However it may also be used for many other purposes either at national or European level: economic studies, social analyses, market research… Presented data are: mean consumption expenditure of private households; structure of mean consumption expenditure and household characteristics. Household final consumption expenditure is measured in national currency, Euro and PPS (purchasing power standard). HBS data are collected via the National HBS surveys in each participating country. Data collection involves a combination of one or more interviews and diaries or logs maintained by households and/or individuals, generally on a daily basis.    Data collection is approximately every 5 years: 1988, 1994, 1999, 2005 and 2010. Next reference year is 2015.

Annual data on Household Final Consumption Expenditure broken down by COICOP-HBS (2003) categories and by certain cross-sectional variables. The main purpose of this survey at national level is to update the weights of the basket of goods and services used for the calculation of the HICP. However it may also be used for many other purposes either at national or European level: economic studies, social analyses, market research… Presented data are: mean consumption expenditure of private households; structure of mean consumption expenditure and household characteristics. Household final consumption expenditure is measured in national currency, Euro and PPS (purchasing power standard). HBS data are collected via the National HBS surveys in each participating country. Data collection involves a combination of one or more interviews and diaries or logs maintained by households and/or individuals, generally on a daily basis.    Data collection is approximately every 5 years: 1988, 1994, 1999, 2005 and 2010. Next reference year is 2015.

Annual data on Household Final Consumption Expenditure broken down by COICOP-HBS (2003) categories and by certain cross-sectional variables. The main purpose of this survey at national level is to update the weights of the basket of goods and services used for the calculation of the HICP. However it may also be used for many other purposes either at national or European level: economic studies, social analyses, market research… Presented data are: mean consumption expenditure of private households; structure of mean consumption expenditure and household characteristics. Household final consumption expenditure is measured in national currency, Euro and PPS (purchasing power standard). HBS data are collected via the National HBS surveys in each participating country. Data collection involves a combination of one or more interviews and diaries or logs maintained by households and/or individuals, generally on a daily basis.    Data collection is approximately every 5 years: 1988, 1994, 1999, 2005 and 2010. Next reference year is 2015.

The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world's most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. IEA (2023), Oil Market Report - December 2023, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/oil-market-report-december-2023

6.1. Reference area

Resource productivity is gross domestic product (GDP) divided by domestic material consumption (DMC). DMC measures the total amount of materials directly used by an economy. It is defined as the annual quantity of raw materials extracted from the domestic territory of the focal economy, plus all physical imports minus all physical exports. For the calculation of resource productivity, Eurostat uses GDP either in unit 'EUR in chain-linked volumes' (to the reference year 2010 at 2010 exchange rates) or in unit 'PPS' (Purchasing Power Standard). Consequently, the indicator is expressed: i) in euro per kg, for comparing the changes in one country over time; ii) in PPS per kg, for comparing different countries in one specific year. It is also calculated as an index on year 2000, for comparing countries in different years.

The indicator measures the share of renewable energy consumption in gross final energy consumption according to the Renewable Energy Directive. The gross final energy consumption is the energy used by end-consumers (final energy consumption) plus grid losses and self-consumption of power plants.

Annual data on Household Final Consumption Expenditure broken down by COICOP-HBS (2003) categories and by certain cross-sectional variables. The main purpose of this survey at national level is to update the weights of the basket of goods and services used for the calculation of the HICP. However it may also be used for many other purposes either at national or European level: economic studies, social analyses, market research… Presented data are: mean consumption expenditure of private households; structure of mean consumption expenditure and household characteristics. Household final consumption expenditure is measured in national currency, Euro and PPS (purchasing power standard). HBS data are collected via the National HBS surveys in each participating country. Data collection involves a combination of one or more interviews and diaries or logs maintained by households and/or individuals, generally on a daily basis.    Data collection is approximately every 5 years: 1988, 1994, 1999, 2005 and 2010. Next reference year is 2015.

Annual data on Household Final Consumption Expenditure broken down by COICOP-HBS (2003) categories and by certain cross-sectional variables. The main purpose of this survey at national level is to update the weights of the basket of goods and services used for the calculation of the HICP. However it may also be used for many other purposes either at national or European level: economic studies, social analyses, market research… Presented data are: mean consumption expenditure of private households; structure of mean consumption expenditure and household characteristics. Household final consumption expenditure is measured in national currency, Euro and PPS (purchasing power standard). HBS data are collected via the National HBS surveys in each participating country. Data collection involves a combination of one or more interviews and diaries or logs maintained by households and/or individuals, generally on a daily basis.    Data collection is approximately every 5 years: 1988, 1994, 1999, 2005 and 2010. Next reference year is 2015.

Annual data on Household Final Consumption Expenditure broken down by COICOP-HBS (2003) categories and by certain cross-sectional variables. The main purpose of this survey at national level is to update the weights of the basket of goods and services used for the calculation of the HICP. However it may also be used for many other purposes either at national or European level: economic studies, social analyses, market research… Presented data are: mean consumption expenditure of private households; structure of mean consumption expenditure and household characteristics. Household final consumption expenditure is measured in national currency, Euro and PPS (purchasing power standard). HBS data are collected via the National HBS surveys in each participating country. Data collection involves a combination of one or more interviews and diaries or logs maintained by households and/or individuals, generally on a daily basis.    Data collection is approximately every 5 years: 1988, 1994, 1999, 2005 and 2010. Next reference year is 2015.

Annual data on Household Final Consumption Expenditure broken down by COICOP-HBS (2003) categories and by certain cross-sectional variables. The main purpose of this survey at national level is to update the weights of the basket of goods and services used for the calculation of the HICP. However it may also be used for many other purposes either at national or European level: economic studies, social analyses, market research… Presented data are: mean consumption expenditure of private households; structure of mean consumption expenditure and household characteristics. Household final consumption expenditure is measured in national currency, Euro and PPS (purchasing power standard). HBS data are collected via the National HBS surveys in each participating country. Data collection involves a combination of one or more interviews and diaries or logs maintained by households and/or individuals, generally on a daily basis.    Data collection is approximately every 5 years: 1988, 1994, 1999, 2005 and 2010. Next reference year is 2015.

Annual data on Household Final Consumption Expenditure broken down by COICOP-HBS (2003) categories and by certain cross-sectional variables. The main purpose of this survey at national level is to update the weights of the basket of goods and services used for the calculation of the HICP. However it may also be used for many other purposes either at national or European level: economic studies, social analyses, market research… Presented data are: mean consumption expenditure of private households; structure of mean consumption expenditure and household characteristics. Household final consumption expenditure is measured in national currency, Euro and PPS (purchasing power standard). HBS data are collected via the National HBS surveys in each participating country. Data collection involves a combination of one or more interviews and diaries or logs maintained by households and/or individuals, generally on a daily basis.    Data collection is approximately every 5 years: 1988, 1994, 1999, 2005 and 2010. Next reference year is 2015.

Annual data on Household Final Consumption Expenditure broken down by COICOP-HBS (2003) categories and by certain cross-sectional variables. The main purpose of this survey at national level is to update the weights of the basket of goods and services used for the calculation of the HICP. However it may also be used for many other purposes either at national or European level: economic studies, social analyses, market research… Presented data are: mean consumption expenditure of private households; structure of mean consumption expenditure and household characteristics. Household final consumption expenditure is measured in national currency, Euro and PPS (purchasing power standard). HBS data are collected via the National HBS surveys in each participating country. Data collection involves a combination of one or more interviews and diaries or logs maintained by households and/or individuals, generally on a daily basis.    Data collection is approximately every 5 years: 1988, 1994, 1999, 2005 and 2010. Next reference year is 2015.

Annual data on Household Final Consumption Expenditure broken down by COICOP-HBS (2003) categories and by certain cross-sectional variables. The main purpose of this survey at national level is to update the weights of the basket of goods and services used for the calculation of the HICP. However it may also be used for many other purposes either at national or European level: economic studies, social analyses, market research… Presented data are: mean consumption expenditure of private households; structure of mean consumption expenditure and household characteristics. Household final consumption expenditure is measured in national currency, Euro and PPS (purchasing power standard). HBS data are collected via the National HBS surveys in each participating country. Data collection involves a combination of one or more interviews and diaries or logs maintained by households and/or individuals, generally on a daily basis.    Data collection is approximately every 5 years: 1988, 1994, 1999, 2005 and 2010. Next reference year is 2015.

Annual data on Household Final Consumption Expenditure broken down by COICOP-HBS (2003) categories and by certain cross-sectional variables. The main purpose of this survey at national level is to update the weights of the basket of goods and services used for the calculation of the HICP. However it may also be used for many other purposes either at national or European level: economic studies, social analyses, market research… Presented data are: mean consumption expenditure of private households; structure of mean consumption expenditure and household characteristics. Household final consumption expenditure is measured in national currency, Euro and PPS (purchasing power standard). HBS data are collected via the National HBS surveys in each participating country. Data collection involves a combination of one or more interviews and diaries or logs maintained by households and/or individuals, generally on a daily basis.    Data collection is approximately every 5 years: 1988, 1994, 1999, 2005 and 2010. Next reference year is 2015.