Irelande

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

Information on net earnings (net pay taken home, in absolute figures) and related tax-benefit rates (in %) complements gross‑earnings data with respect to disposable earnings. The transition from gross to net earnings requires the deduction of income taxes and employee's social security contributions from the gross amounts and the addition of family allowances, if appropriate. The amount of these components and therefore the ratio of net to gross earnings depend on the individual situation. A number of different family situations are considered, all referring to an average worker. Differences exist with respect to marital status (single vs. married), number of workers (only in the case of couples), number of dependent children, and level of gross earnings, expressed as a percentage of the gross earnings of an average worker (AW).  All the data are based on a widely acknowledged model developed by the OECD, which figures are obtained from national sources. The collection contains, for selected situations, data for the following variables and indicators : a)      gross and net earnings, including the transition components "income taxes", "employee's social security contributions" and "family allowances", if appropriate; b)      tax rate, defined as the income tax on gross wage earnings plus the employee's social security contributions less universal cash benefits, expressed as a percentage of gross wage earnings; c)      tax wedge on labour costs, defined as income tax on gross wage earnings plus the employee's and the employer's social security contributions, expressed as a percentage of the total labour costs of the earner. The total labour costs of the earner are defined as his/her gross earnings plus the employer's social security contributions plus payroll taxes (where applicable). The tax wedge on labour costs structural indicator is available only for single persons without children earning 67% of the AW. d)      unemployment trap, measuring the percentage of gross earnings which is taxed away through higher tax and social security contributions and the withdrawal of unemployment, and other, benefits when an unemployed person returns to employment. This structural indicator is available only for single persons without children earning 67% of the AW when in work. e)      low wage trap, measuring the percentage of gross earnings which is taxed away through the combined effects of income taxes, social security contributions and any withdrawal of benefits when gross earnings increase from 33% to 67% of AW. This structural indicator is available for single persons without children and one-earner couples with two children.

Information on net earnings (net pay taken home, in absolute figures) and related tax-benefit rates (in %) complements gross‑earnings data with respect to disposable earnings. The transition from gross to net earnings requires the deduction of income taxes and employee's social security contributions from the gross amounts and the addition of family allowances, if appropriate. The amount of these components and therefore the ratio of net to gross earnings depend on the individual situation. A number of different family situations are considered, all referring to an average worker. Differences exist with respect to marital status (single vs. married), number of workers (only in the case of couples), number of dependent children, and level of gross earnings, expressed as a percentage of the gross earnings of an average worker (AW).  All the data are based on a widely acknowledged model developed by the OECD, where figures are obtained from national sources (for further details on data providers, see the national contact list in Annex). The collection contains, for selected situations, data for the following variables and indicators : a)      gross and net earnings, including the transition components "income taxes", "employee's social security contributions" and "family allowances", if appropriate; b)      tax rate, defined as the income tax on gross wage earnings plus the employee's social security contributions less universal cash benefits, expressed as a percentage of gross wage earnings; c)      tax wedge on labour costs, defined as income tax on gross wage earnings plus the employee's and the employer's social security contributions, expressed as a percentage of the total labour costs of the earner. The total labour costs of the earner are defined as his/her gross earnings plus the employer's social security contributions plus payroll taxes (where applicable). The tax wedge on labour costs structural indicator is available only for single persons without children earning 67% of the AW. d)      unemployment trap, measuring the percentage of gross earnings which is taxed away through higher tax and social security contributions and the withdrawal of unemployment, and other, benefits when an unemployed person returns to employment. This structural indicator is available only for single persons without children earning 67% of the AW when in work. e)      low wage trap, measuring the percentage of gross earnings which is taxed away through the combined effects of income taxes, social security contributions and any withdrawal of benefits when gross earnings increase from 33% to 67% of AW. This structural indicator is available for single persons without children and one-earner couples with two children.

This dataset contains data on average annual wages per full-time and full-year equivalent employee in the total economy.  Average annual wages per full-time equivalent dependent employee are obtained by dividing the national-accounts-based total wage bill by the average number of employees in the total economy, which is then multiplied by the ratio of average usual weekly hours per full-time employee to average usually weekly hours for all employees.   Average wages are converted in USD PPPs using 2017 USD PPPs for private consumption and are deflated by a price deflator for private final consumption expenditures in 2017 prices.   Real compensation per employee (instead of real wages) are considered for Chile, Iceland, Mexico and New Zealand.

Gross earnings are remuneration (wages and salaries) in cash paid directly to the employee, before any deductions for income tax and social security contributions paid by the employee. Data is presented for full-time employees in "industry and services".

Labour cost statistics provide a comprehensive and detailed picture of the level, structure and short-term development of labour costs in the different sectors of economic activity in the European Union and certain other countries. All statistics are based on a harmonised definition of labour costs. Structural information on labour costs is collected through four-yearly Labour Cost Surveys (LCS), which provides details on the level and structure of labour cost data, hours worked and hours paid. LCS results are available for the reference years 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012. All EU Member States together with Norway and Iceland (2004 onwards), Turkey and Macedonia (2008), as well as Serbia (2012) participated in the LCS. As far as available data and confidentiality rules permit, all variables and proportions are further broken down by enterprise size category, economic activity and region (for larger countries only). The data are collected by the National Statistical Institutes in most cases on the basis of stratified random samples of enterprises or local units, restricted in most countries to units with at least 10 employees. The stratification is based on economic activity, size category and region (where appropriate). Regional metadata is identical to the metadata provided for national data. Some countries also complement the survey results with administrative data. Monetary variables are expressed in EUR, national currencies (for non-euro-area countries) and Purchasing Power Standards (PPS). Labour costs are quoted in total per year, per month and per hour, as well as per capita and per full-time equivalents (FTE). Information on staff, hours worked and hours paid is quoted in aggregate and separately for full- and part-time employees.

Personnel costs are the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee for work carried out. This is divided by the number of employees (paid workers), which includes part-time workers, seasonal workers etc, but excludes persons on long-term leave.

Compensation of employees is defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done by the latter. In particular, it also includes social contributions paid by the employer.

Compensation of employees (at current prices) is defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done by the latter during the accounting period. Compensation of employees consists of wages and salaries, and of employers' social contributions. The input data are obtained through official transmissions of national accounts' country data in the ESA 2010 transmission programme. The data are expressed in million national currency.

Compensation of employees (at current prices) is defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done by the latter during the accounting period. Compensation of employees consists of wages and salaries, and of employers' social contributions. The input data are obtained through official transmissions of national accounts' country data in the ESA 2010 transmission programme. The data are expressed in million national currency.

Regional accounts are a regional specification of the national accounts and therefore based on the same concepts and definitions as national accounts (see domain nama10). The main specific regional issues are addressed in chapter 13 of ESA2010, but not practically specified. For practical rules and recommendations on sources and methods see the publication "Manual on regional accounts methods": http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/KS-GQ-13-001 . Gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices is the final result of the production activity of resident producer units. It can be defined in three ways: 1. Output approach GDP is the sum of gross value added of the various institutional sectors or the various industries plus taxes and less subsidies on products (which are not allocated to sectors and industries). It is also the balancing item in the total economy production account. 2. Expenditure approach GDP is the sum of final uses of goods and services by resident institutional units (final consumption expenditure and gross capital formation), plus exports and minus imports of goods and services. At regional level the expenditure approach cannot be used in the EU, because there is no data on regional exports and imports.  3. Income approach GDP is the sum of uses in the total economy generation of income account: compensation of employees plus gross operating surplus and mixed income plus taxes on products less subsidies plus consumption of fixed capital. The different measures for the regional GDP are absolute figures in € and Purchasing Power Standards (PPS), figures per inhabitant and relative data compared to the EU28 average.

The indicator presents the average compensation of employee received by hour worked, expressed in euro. It is calculated by dividing national accounts data on compensation of employees for the total economy, which include wages and salaries as well as employers' social contributions, by the total number of hours worked by all employees (domestic concept). The indicator is based on European national accounts.

Correction coefficients (duty stations) are used to ensure equality of purchasing power of remuneration between different locations within the European Union and Brussels. Correction coefficients are calculated as the ratio between the "economic parity" and the exchange rate to the Euro (where applicable). They operate as a percentage adjustment to remuneration expressed in local currency.  As the correction coefficient is simply the economic parity divided by the exchange rate, it can be seen that the exchange rate effect cancels out and the economic parity is the appropriate conversion rate to convert amounts expressed in local currency into Euro and eliminate the effect of price level differences. The economic parity tells us how many currency units a given quantity of goods and services costs in different countries.  The method used to establish economic parities is to compare the price of a basket of goods and services purchased by the average international official in Brussels with the price of an equivalent basket of goods and services purchased by the average international official in each of the other duty stations. To compile these prices, Eurostat carry out a number of detailed price surveys in cooperation with national statistical institutes. For each item, the price ratio with Brussels is computed. Similar items are grouped into "basic headings", and a geometric mean of the price ratios is calculated to establish a basic heading parity. These basic heading parities are then aggregated to produce an overall parity. This aggregate is computed as a weighted arithmetic mean, using consumption expenditure pattern of international officials as weights.

Correction coefficients (Extra-EU) are used to ensure equality of purchasing power of remuneration between different locations outside the European Union and Brussels. Correction coefficients are calculated as the ratio between the "economic parity" and the exchange rate to the Euro (where applicable). They operate as a percentage adjustment to remuneration expressed in local currency. As the correction coefficient is simply the economic parity divided by the exchange rate, it can be seen that the exchange rate effect cancels out and the economic parity is the appropriate conversion rate to convert amounts expressed in local currency into Euro and eliminate the effect of price level differences. The economic parity tells us how many currency units a given quantity of goods and services costs in different countries. The method used to establish economic parities is to compare the price of a basket of goods and services purchased by the average international official in Brussels with the price of an equivalent basket of goods and services purchased by the average international official in each of the other duty stations. To compile these prices, Eurostat carry out a number of detailed price surveys in cooperation with the United Nations International Civil Service Commission and the International Section on Remuneration and Prices of the Coordinated Organisations. For each item, the price ratio with Brussels is computed. Similar items are grouped into "basic headings", and a geometric mean of the price ratios is calculated to establish a basic heading parity. These basic heading parities are then aggregated to produce an overall parity. This aggregate is computed as a weighted arithmetic mean, using consumption expenditure pattern of international officials as weights.

Correction coefficients (Extra-EU) are used to ensure equality of purchasing power of remuneration between different locations outside the European Union and Brussels. Correction coefficients are calculated as the ratio between the "economic parity" and the exchange rate to the Euro (where applicable). They operate as a percentage adjustment to remuneration expressed in local currency. As the correction coefficient is simply the economic parity divided by the exchange rate, it can be seen that the exchange rate effect cancels out and the economic parity is the appropriate conversion rate to convert amounts expressed in local currency into Euro and eliminate the effect of price level differences. The economic parity tells us how many currency units a given quantity of goods and services costs in different countries. The method used to establish economic parities is to compare the price of a basket of goods and services purchased by the average international official in Brussels with the price of an equivalent basket of goods and services purchased by the average international official in each of the other duty stations. To compile these prices, Eurostat carry out a number of detailed price surveys in cooperation with the United Nations International Civil Service Commission and the International Section on Remuneration and Prices of the Coordinated Organisations. For each item, the price ratio with Brussels is computed. Similar items are grouped into "basic headings", and a geometric mean of the price ratios is calculated to establish a basic heading parity. These basic heading parities are then aggregated to produce an overall parity. This aggregate is computed as a weighted arithmetic mean, using consumption expenditure pattern of international officials as weights.

Le coût de la main-d>oeuvre est le coût supporté par l>employeur pour l>emploi de main-d>oeuvre dans une période de référence spécifiée. La notion statistique du coût de la main-d>oeuvre englobe la rémunération du travail accompli, les versements pour les heures rémunérées mais non effectuées, les primes et gratifications, le coût de la nourriture, des boissons et des autres avantages en nature, les coûts relatifs au logement du personnel supportés par l>employeur, les dépenses de sécurité sociale à la charge de l>employeur, le coût pour l>employeur de la formation professionnelle, les services sociaux et divers postes, tels que le transport des travailleurs, les vêtements de travail et frais de recrutement, ainsi que les impôts considérés comme coûts de main-d>oeuvre. Il s>agit d>une série harmonisée : (1) lorsque les données collectées font référence aux coûts hebdomadaires, mensuels ou annuels, ceux-ci sont convertis en coûts horaires en monnaie locale grâce aux données sur le temps du travail (lorsqu>elles sont disponibles); et ensuite (2) les données sont toutes exprimées dans une monnaie commune, le dollar constant en parité de pouvoir d>achat 2017, utilisant le taux de change avec le dollar US et les taux de parité de pouvoir d>achat de 2017. Cette série utilisant une monnaie commune permet de réaliser des comparaisons internationales en tenant compte des différences relatives de prix entre pays. Les données sont présentées par activité économique utilisant la version plus récente de la Classification internationale type des industries (CITI) disponible chaque année. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à notre page sur les concepts et définitions.

La notion statistique du coût de la main-d'ouvre englobe la rémunération du travail accompli, les versements pour les heures rémunérées mais non effectuées, les primes et gratifications, le coût de la nourriture, des boissons et des autres avantages en nature, les coûts relatifs au logement du personnel supportés par l'employeur, les dépenses de sécurité sociale à la charge de l'employeur, le coût pour l'employeur de la formation professionnelle, les services sociaux et divers postes, tels que le transport des travailleurs, les vêtements de travail et frais de recrutement, ainsi que les impôts considérés comme coûts de main-d'ouvre. les données ici donnnent le coût moyen (en monnaie locale)par employé . Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à nos ressources sur les méthodes .

La notion statistique du coût de la main-d'ouvre englobe la rémunération du travail accompli, les versements pour les heures rémunérées mais non effectuées, les primes et gratifications, le coût de la nourriture, des boissons et des autres avantages en nature, les coûts relatifs au logement du personnel supportés par l'employeur, les dépenses de sécurité sociale à la charge de l'employeur, le coût pour l'employeur de la formation professionnelle, les services sociaux et divers postes, tels que le transport des travailleurs, les vêtements de travail et frais de recrutement, ainsi que les impôts considérés comme coûts de main-d'ouvre. les données ici donnnent le coût moyen par employé (en monnaie locale) dans le secteur manufacturier. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à nos ressources sur les méthodes .

This dataset presents internationally comparable data on education and earnings, by educational attainment, age and gender as published in OECD Education at a Glance 2022. For trend data, Education at a Glance 2022 includes data for 2005 and 2010-2020 (or years with available data).

Les personnes pourvues d'un emploi sont toutes les personnes en âge de travailler qui, durant une brève période de référence spécifiée, se trouvaient dans une des catégories suivantes: a) emploi salarié (soit au travail ou ayant un emploi mais pas au travail), b) emploi non salarié (soit au travail ou ayant une entreprise mais pas au travail). Les données sont présentées par activité économique, qui fait référence à l'activité principale de l'établissement dans lequel la personne a travaillé pendant la période de référence, et ne dépend pas des tâches ou des fonctions spécifiques du travail de la personne, mais des caractéristiques de l'entité économique dans laquelle cette personne travaille. Cette série fait partie des estimations du BIT et est harmonisée pour tenir compte des différences entre les données nationales, la portée de la couverture, les méthodologies de collecte et de tabulation, et de facteurs spécifiques aux pays. Les données pour 1991-2016 sont des estimations tandis que les données pour 2017-2021 sont des projections. La base de données a été mise à jour en Novembre 2017. Pour plus d'informations, consultez la description de l'indicateur et le document méthodologique sur les estimations et projections du BIT (en anglais).

International Data from Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 

En matière de statistiques sur les salaires, le concept de gains s'entend de la rémunération en espèces et en nature versée aux salariés, en règle générale à intervalles réguliers, au titre des heures de travail effectuées ou du travail accompli, ainsi que de la rémunération afférente aux heures non effectuées, par exemple pour le congé annuel, d'autres congés payés ou les jours fériés. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à nos ressources sur les méthodes .

En matière de statistiques sur les salaires, le concept de gains s'entend de la rémunération en espèces et en nature versée aux salariés, en règle générale à intervalles réguliers, au titre des heures de travail effectuées ou du travail accompli, ainsi que de la rémunération afférente aux heures non effectuées, par exemple pour le congé annuel, d'autres congés payés ou les jours fériés. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à nos ressources sur les méthodes .

En matière de statistiques sur les salaires, le concept de gains s'entend de la rémunération en espèces et en nature versée aux salariés, en règle générale à intervalles réguliers, au titre des heures de travail effectuées ou du travail accompli, ainsi que de la rémunération afférente aux heures non effectuées, par exemple pour le congé annuel, d'autres congés payés ou les jours fériés. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à nos ressources sur les méthodes .

En matière de statistiques sur les salaires, le concept de gains s'entend de la rémunération en espèces et en nature versée aux salariés, en règle générale à intervalles réguliers, au titre des heures de travail effectuées ou du travail accompli, ainsi que de la rémunération afférente aux heures non effectuées, par exemple pour le congé annuel, d'autres congés payés ou les jours fériés. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à nos ressources sur les méthodes .

En matière de statistiques sur les salaires, le concept de gains s'entend de la rémunération en espèces et en nature versée aux salariés, en règle générale à intervalles réguliers, au titre des heures de travail effectuées ou du travail accompli, ainsi que de la rémunération afférente aux heures non effectuées, par exemple pour le congé annuel, d'autres congés payés ou les jours fériés. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à nos ressources sur les méthodes .

En matière de statistiques sur les salaires, le concept de gains s'entend de la rémunération en espèces et en nature versée aux salariés, en règle générale à intervalles réguliers, au titre des heures de travail effectuées ou du travail accompli, ainsi que de la rémunération afférente aux heures non effectuées, par exemple pour le congé annuel, d'autres congés payés ou les jours fériés. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à notre page sur les concepts et définitions.

Dans le but de promouvoir la comparabilité internationale, les statistiques présentées sur ILOSTAT sont basées sur des définitions internationales standard dans la mesure du possible et peuvent différer des chiffres nationaux officiels. Cette série est basée sur les définitions de la 13e CIST. Pour la comparabilité des séries chronologiques, elle inclut les pays qui ont mis en >uvre les normes de la 19e CIST, pour lesquels des données sont également disponibles dans la base de données Statistiques du travail -- 19e CIST (WORK). Les données ventilées par activité économique sont présentées conformément à la version plus récente de la Classification internationale type des industries (CITI) disponible. Les données peuvent avoir été reclassées à partir de classifications nationales, qui peuvent ne pas être strictement comparables à la CITI. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à la description de la base de données Statistiques sur la main-d'oeuvre (LFS et STLFS).

Les gains des salariés représentent la rémunération en espèces et en nature versée aux salariés, en règle générale à intervalles réguliers, au titre des heures de travail effectuées ou du travail accompli, ainsi que la rémunération afférente aux heures non effectuées, par exemple pour le congé annuel, d>autres congés payés ou les jours fériés. Les gains ne comprennent pas les contributions que les employeurs versent pour leurs salariés aux régimes de sécurité sociale et de pension, non plus que les prestations reçues par les salariés dans le cadre de ces régimes. Sont également exclues les indemnités de licenciement et de cessation de service. Les statistiques sur les gains font référence aux gains bruts, c>est-à-dire, avant toute déduction de la part de l>employeur. Il s>agit d>une série harmonisée : (1) lorsque les données collectées font référence aux gains hebdomadaires ou annuels, ceux-ci sont convertis en gains mensuels en monnaie locale grâce aux données sur le temps du travail (lorsqu>elles sont disponibles); et (2) les données sont toutes exprimées en dollars américains en tant que monnaie commune, en utilisant le taux de change avec le dollar US ou les taux de parité de pouvoir d>achat (PPA) de 2017 pour les dépenses de consommation privée. Cette dernière série permet de réaliser des comparaisons internationales en tenant compte des différences relatives de prix entre pays. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à notre page sur les concepts et définitions.

Les données sur les gains des salariés sont présentées, si possible, en termes courants et sur la base de la moyenne des gains mensuels de tous les salariés. Les gains des salariés représentent la rémunération en espèces et en nature versée aux salariés, en règle générale à intervalles réguliers, au titre des heures de travail effectuées ou du travail accompli, ainsi que la rémunération afférente aux heures non effectuées, par exemple pour le congé annuel, d'autres congés payés ou les jours fériés. Les données sont présentées par profession utilisant la version plus récente de la Classification Internationale Type des Professions (CITP) disponible chaque année. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à nos ressources sur les méthodes .

Les gains des salariés représentent la rémunération en espèces et en nature versée aux salariés, en règle générale à intervalles réguliers, au titre des heures de travail effectuées ou du travail accompli, ainsi que la rémunération afférente aux heures non effectuées, par exemple pour le congé annuel, d>autres congés payés ou les jours fériés. Les gains ne comprennent pas les contributions que les employeurs versent pour leurs salariés aux régimes de sécurité sociale et de pension, non plus que les prestations reçues par les salariés dans le cadre de ces régimes. Sont également exclues les indemnités de licenciement et de cessation de service. Il s>agit d>une série harmonisée : (1) lorsque les données collectées font référence aux gains hebdomadaires, mensuels ou annuels, ceux-ci sont convertis en gains par heure grâce aux données sur le temps du travail (lorsqu>elles sont disponibles) ; et (2) les données sont toutes exprimées en dollars américains en tant que monnaie commune, en utilisant le taux de change avec le dollar US ou les taux de parité de pouvoir d>achat (PPA) de 2017 pour les dépenses de consommation privée. Cette dernière série permet de réaliser des comparaisons internationales en tenant compte des différences relatives de prix entre pays. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à notre page sur les concepts et définitions.

The gender employment gap is defined as the difference between the employment rates of men and women aged 20-64. The employment rate is calculated by dividing the number of persons aged 20 to 64 in employment by the total population of the same age group. The indicator is based on the EU Labour Force Survey.

The gender overall earnings gap is a synthetic indicator. It measures the impact of the three combined factors, namely: (1) the average hourly earnings, (2) the monthly average of the number of hours paid (before any adjustment for part-time work) and (3) the employment rate, on the average earnings of all women of working age - whether employed or not employed - compared to men.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international official sources. Definitions: Gender pay gap is the difference between men’s and women’s average earnings from employment, shown as a percentage of men’s average earnings.The UNECE gender statistics database presents two indicators on gender pay gap, which represent two different concerns of gender equality. Gender Pay Gap in hourly wage rates refers to the gender gap in average hourly earnings. This indicator aims to capture the difference between men’s and women’s overall position in the labor market. It measures the difference between men’s and women’s wage rates independent of the number of hours worked, the type of activity or the type of occupation. Gender Pay Gap in monthly earnings refers to the gender gap in average monthly earnings. This indicator aims to capture the variance between men’s and women’s earnings over a specific period of time. It reflects differences in time worked and type of work performed, which translates into gender differences in economic autonomy. Wage rates are earnings elements meant to be measured, as stipulated by the ILO Resolution concerning an integrated system of wages statistics (ILO, 1973), in relation to an appropriate time period such as the hour, day, week, month or other customary period used for purposes of determining the wage rates concerned. In the case of these statistics, the reference time period is the hour. Wage rates should include basic wages, cost-of-living allowances and other guaranteed and regularly paid allowances, but exclude overtime payments, bonuses and gratuities, family allowances and other social security payments made by employers. Ex gratia payments in kind, supplementary to normal wage rates, are also excluded. Earnings relate to remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as for annual vacation, other paid leave or holidays. Earnings include direct wages and salaries for the time worked, or work done, remuneration for time not worked, bonuses and gratuities and housing and family allowances paid by the employer directly to his employee. Earnings exclude employers’ contributions in respect of their employees paid to social security and pension schemes and also the benefits received by employees under these schemes. Earnings also exclude severance and termination pay. Gross earnings refer to total earnings before any deductions are made by the employer in respect of taxes, contributions of employees to social security and pension schemes, life insurance premiums, union dues and other obligations of employees. Net earnings refer to pay allocated to the worker after deductions are made by the employer in respect of taxes, contributions of employees to social security and pension schemes, life insurance premiums, union dues and other obligations of employees. For the EU and EFTA member states, data on Gender Pay Gap in hourly wage rates cover the economic activities as follows: industry, construction and services, except public administration, defense, compulsory social security, activities of households as employers and extra-territorial organisations and bodies (NACE Rev.2, sections from B to S excluding O). .. - data not available Country: Albania 2000: data refer to October 1998. Country: Armenia For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, data cover paid employees. Country: Austria Gross monthly earnings refer to the monthly amount in the main job. It includes usual paid overtime, tips and commission but excludes income from investments, assets, savings, stocks and shares. Profit share and bonuses are taken into account. Supplement payments (13th, 14th month, holiday pay...) are not included as they are not surveyed in this question, but they could be modeld (average gross monthly earning per group x14/12) under the simplified assumption that people are employed for the whole year and all receive these benefits. Country: Belarus Data refer to December of each year. Country: Belarus Collection method: enterprise-based data. Enterprises with less than 100 employees are excluded. Country: Bulgaria Data cover employees only and are compiled from enterprise survey (four-yearly Structure of Earnings Survey). Overtime payments are included in average earnings. Country: Canada For GPG in hourly earnings, data covers employees only, self-employed are excluded. Country: Croatia For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, basic earnings exclude housing and family allowances. Refers to NACE Rev 2 activities B-S Country: Cyprus Data are based on the results of the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) for years 2006 and 2010. Data for 2006 and 2010 have been revised to better reflect the definitions provided by UNECE.Hourly Wage Rate includes normal salary and regular bonuses paid to the employee (including payments for shift work). It excludes overtime payments, irregular bonuses and payments in kind.Monthly earnings include normal salary, regular bonuses paid to the employee (including payments for shift work) and payments for overtime. They exclude irregular bonuses and payments in kind.Coverage: Enterprises in all economic activities, excluding Agriculture, Fishing, Activities of Private Households and Extra-territorial Organisations. All enterprises covered had one or more employees. Self-employed are not covered.Geographical coverage: data refer to Government controlled areas only. Country: Czechia Since 2011 all employees included in the sample surveys,including employees of enterprises with less than ten employees, employees of non-profit organizations, and also own-account workers that had not been measuredbefore. Country: Estonia For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, data exclude self-employed persons. From 2014, breakdown by education is according to ISCED-2011. Country: Finland The method of defining part/full-timers changed in 2001. Country: Finland Data do not include irregular bonuses, housing and family allowances. Average monthly earnings data cover only full-time employees. Country: France For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources. For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data for 2006 are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered in data up to 2009. From 2014 data include overseas departments. Country: Georgia Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region Country: Germany For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources. For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data for 2006 are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered. From 2014 breakdown by education compiled using ISCED-2011. Country: Greece For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2002 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources. For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data from 2006 on are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered. Country: Hungary Data include only full-time employees. B-S (-O), 10 employees or more Country: Iceland Change in definition (2000 - 2004): Only private sector - econmic activities ISIC-rev.3 D,F,G,I Country: Iceland Change in definition (2005 - 2008): Only private sector - econmic activities ISIC-rev.3 D,F,G,I,J Country: Iceland Change in definition (2009 onward): Private and public sector - economic activities ISIC-rev.4 C,D,E,F,G,H,J,K,O,P,Q. For all years data refer to average income from employment. Country: Israel Change in definition (2006 - 2012): Data cover both - paid employees and self-employed Country: Italy Monthly earnings data are compiled from households surveys (EU-SILC) from 2006 to 2009 and from European Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) from 2010 onwards. The main difference with the SES definition is that the SES definition refers to the month of october and excludes bonuses and other items not payable each month. There is a break in the series between 2009 and 2010. Country: Kazakhstan Average monthly nominal wages per employee is determined by dividing the amount of accrued payroll to the actual number of employees and the number of months in the reporting period. Country: Kyrgyzstan Figures for hourly earnings are obtained by dividing the average monthly earnings by the average number of monthly working hours. Country: Latvia Additional information (2002 onward): Data by education level are calculated for enterprises with number of employees 10 and more for NACE Rev.1.1 sections C-K (excluding L) on 2002 and 2006 and for NACE Rev.2 sections B-S (excluding O) on 2010 according to the methodology of structural indicator of European Comission Gender Pay Gap (GPG). Country: Latvia Data cover paid employees only. Part-timers earnings have been equivalised to fill-time units. All data exclude remuneration of kind. Country: Lithuania The gross earnings data on which GPG in monthly earnings are based exclude housing and family allowances. Country: Luxembourg For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, data are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Average monthly earnings are based on full-time equivalent employees, reference month is october. NACE B to S exclunding O Country: Malta For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data for 2006 are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered. Country: Moldova, Republic of From 2012 information is presented without the data on districts from the left side of the river Nistru and municipality Bender. Through 2011 data are for September for units with 20 and more employees. Starting with 2012 data are for units with one and more employees. Country: Netherlands The underlying average earnings refer to employees only and do not include bonuses, gratuities, housing and family allowances. Country: Norway Data refer to full-time equivalent of paid employees only. Reference period: III quarter of each year. Data includes various additional allowances, bonuses, commissions and do not include payment for overtime work. Country: Poland Change in definition (2001 - 2004): Data refer to full-time employees only. Family allowances are not inclueded. Country: Poland Change in definition (2006 onward): Data cover employees only. Family allowances are not included. Country: Romania Additional information (1990 - 2001): Data cover the entire country and are related to enterprises with 1+ employees. The average monthly gross earnings refers to the entire year. Country: Russian Federation Change in definition (2005 - 2013): Underlying Earnings data do not include end of year, seniority, bonus payments and other nonrecurrent payments . Data include employees worked whole October; data exclude non-regular, temporary, contractual, absent due to different reasons (maternity, sabbatical, annual leave), part-time workers and others. Country: Slovakia Data on monthly earnings cover all economic activities (all NACE Rev.2 sections) Country: Slovenia In 2007 EURO was introduced instead of the national currency SIT. Country: Slovenia Change in definition (2003 onward): Data refer to full-time employees only. Country: Slovenia Provisional value (2014) Country: Spain Additional information (2000): The results have been obtained as annual average of quarterly data form a wage survey. The coverage are local units with 5 or more employees. Country: Spain From 2002-2003, the coverage is local units with 10 or more employees. Since 2004, coverage has been extended to all size units. ISCED-97 is used 2002-2010 and ISCED-11 in 2014. Country: Sweden Change in definition (2000 - 2013): The Data cover only employees and exlude irregular bonuses and gratuities. Country: Switzerland For monthly earnings, up to 2010 the data cover employees in private and public federal sectors. Since 2012, the data concern only the private sector. Country: Switzerland The underlying average earnings data exclude overtime pay and family allowances and refer to full-time equivalents. GPG figures computed from median earnings instead of averages. Country: Ukraine From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control. Country: Ukraine Up to 2009, the data do not cover small businesses, since 2010 the data include enterprises, institutions and organizations with 10 and more employees. Country: United Kingdom Monthly earnings are from the UK Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) and defined as average gross weekly earnings for the reference period (Gpay), multiplied by 4.348. Earnings are of those over 15 only.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international official sources. Definitions: Gender pay gap is the difference between men’s and women’s average earnings from employment, shown as a percentage of men’s average earnings.The UNECE gender statistics database presents two indicators on gender pay gap, which represent two different concerns of gender equality. Gender Pay Gap in hourly wage rates refers to the gender gap in average hourly earnings. This indicator aims to capture the difference between men’s and women’s overall position in the labor market. It measures the difference between men’s and women’s wage rates independent of the number of hours worked, the type of activity or the type of occupation. Gender Pay Gap in monthly earnings refers to the gender gap in average monthly earnings. This indicator aims to capture the variance between men’s and women’s earnings over a specific period of time. It reflects differences in time worked and type of work performed, which translates into gender differences in economic autonomy. Wage rates are earnings elements meant to be measured, as stipulated by the ILO Resolution concerning an integrated system of wages statistics (ILO, 1973), in relation to an appropriate time period such as the hour, day, week, month or other customary period used for purposes of determining the wage rates concerned. In the case of these statistics, the reference time period is the hour. Wage rates should include basic wages, cost-of-living allowances and other guaranteed and regularly paid allowances, but exclude overtime payments, bonuses and gratuities, family allowances and other social security payments made by employers. Ex gratia payments in kind, supplementary to normal wage rates, are also excluded. Earnings relate to remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as for annual vacation, other paid leave or holidays. Earnings include direct wages and salaries for the time worked, or work done, remuneration for time not worked, bonuses and gratuities and housing and family allowances paid by the employer directly to his employee. Earnings exclude employers’ contributions in respect of their employees paid to social security and pension schemes and also the benefits received by employees under these schemes. Earnings also exclude severance and termination pay. Gross earnings refer to total earnings before any deductions are made by the employer in respect of taxes, contributions of employees to social security and pension schemes, life insurance premiums, union dues and other obligations of employees. Net earnings refer to pay allocated to the worker after deductions are made by the employer in respect of taxes, contributions of employees to social security and pension schemes, life insurance premiums, union dues and other obligations of employees. Educational attainment is defined as the highest level successfully completed by the person, in the educational system of the country where the education was received. The levels of education are defined according to the ISCED 1997 General note: Data are compiled from gross earnings and cover paid employees in all categories of activities and workers in full time and part-time employment. Any deviations from these are specified in the subsequent notes, to the extent the information is available. Gender pay gap in hourly wage: For EU member countries, the data are compiled from hourly earnings available in Eurostat’s online database devired from the Structure of Earnings Surveys. Please refer to the EU Structure of Earnings Survey methods and their gender pay gap in unadjusted form for further explanations. For non-EU countries, the figures are compiled from hourly earnings data provided by the countries in response to the UNECE questionnaire. Gender pay gap in monthly earnings: Figures are compiled from monthly earnings data provided by the countries in response to the UNECE questionnaire and official earnings data available in Eurostat and ILO databases. See the note ’Method and data sources for the gender pay gap in the UNECE Statistical Database’ for more information. Country: Austria Gross monthly earnings refer to the monthly amount in the main job. It includes usual paid overtime, tips and commission but excludes income from investments, assets, savings, stocks and shares. Profit share and bonuses are taken into account. Supplement payments (13th, 14th month, holiday pay...) are not included as they are not surveyed in this question, but they could be modeld (average gross monthly earning per group x14/12) under the simplified assumption that people are employed for the whole year and all receive these benefits. Country: Austria ISCED-11 is used from survey year 2014 on, before that ISCED-97. Country: Belgium For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources. For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, underlying average earnings data are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Surveys. Country: Bulgaria Data cover employees only and are compiled from enterprise survey (four-yearly Structure of Earnings Survey). Overtime payments are included in average earnings. Country: Bulgaria From 2014 the educational breakdown is according to the ISCED-11. Country: Canada For GPG in hourly earnings, data covers employees only, self-employed are excluded. Country: Cyprus Data are based on the results of the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) for years 2006 and 2010. Data for 2006 and 2010 have been revised to better reflect the definitions provided by UNECE.Hourly Wage Rate includes normal salary and regular bonuses paid to the employee (including payments for shift work). It excludes overtime payments, irregular bonuses and payments in kind.Monthly earnings include normal salary, regular bonuses paid to the employee (including payments for shift work) and payments for overtime. They exclude irregular bonuses and payments in kind.Coverage: Enterprises in all economic activities, excluding Agriculture, Fishing, Activities of Private Households and Extra-territorial Organisations. All enterprises covered had one or more employees. Self-employed are not covered.Geographical coverage: data refer to Government controlled areas only. Country: Czechia Reference period (2011 - 2012): For upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education, data refer to ISCED 3 only (instead of 3-4), and fro tertiary education , data refer to ISCD 6 only (instead of 5-6). Country: Czechia Since 2011 all employees included in the sample surveys,including employees of enterprises with less than ten employees, employees of non-profit organizations, and also own-account workers that had not been measuredbefore. Country: Denmark For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources. For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, underlying average earnings data are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey. Country: Estonia For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, data exclude self-employed persons. From 2014, breakdown by education is according to ISCED-2011. Country: Finland The method of defining part/full-timers changed in 2001. Country: Finland Data do not include irregular bonuses, housing and family allowances. Average monthly earnings data cover only full-time employees. Country: France For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources. For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data for 2006 are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered in data up to 2009. From 2014 data include overseas departments. Country: Germany For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources. For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data for 2006 are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered. From 2014 breakdown by education compiled using ISCED-2011. Country: Greece For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2002 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources. For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data from 2006 on are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered. Country: Hungary Data include only full-time employees. B-S (-O), 10 employees or more Country: Israel Change in definition (2006 - 2012): Data cover both - paid employees and self-employed Country: Israel Change in definition (2006 - 2012): Data cover both - paid employees and self-employed Country: Italy For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys (SES). The difference with the SES definition is that the SES definition contains overtime earnings and hours. Due to methodological changes, the data for 2014 might be uncomparable with the previous years. For monthly earnings, data are compiled from households surveys (EU-SILC) from 2006 to 2009 and from SES from 2010 onwards. The main difference with the SES definition is that the SES definition refers to the month of october and excludes bonuses and other items not payable each month. Due to methodological changes, the data for 2014 might be uncomparable with the previous years. Country: Latvia Additional information (2002 onward): Data by education level are calculated for enterprises with number of employees 10 and more for NACE Rev.1.1 sections C-K (excluding L) on 2002 and 2006 and for NACE Rev.2 sections B-S (excluding O) on 2010 according to the methodology of structural indicator of European Comission Gender Pay Gap (GPG). Country: Latvia Data cover paid employees only. Part-timers earnings have been equivalised to fill-time units. All data exclude remuneration of kind. Country: Lithuania The gross earnings data on which GPG in monthly earnings are based exclude housing and family allowances. From 2014 data are compiled according to ISCED-2011. Country: Luxembourg For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, data are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Average monthly earnings are based on full-time equivalent employees, reference month is october. NACE B to S exclunding O Country: Malta For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources. For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data for 2006 are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered. Country: Norway Break in methodlogy (2005): Figures from 2005 for wages by level of education are not comparable with the figures for 2004 and earlier, due to changes in definitions. Country: Norway Change in definition (2000 onward): Data refer to full-time equivalent of paid employees only. Country: Poland Change in definition (2001 - 2004): Data cover employees only. Family allowances are not inclueded. Data refer to full-time employees only. Country: Poland Change in definition (2006 onward): Data cover employees only. Family allowances are not inclueded. Country: Portugal For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources. For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data for 2006 are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered. Country: Romania Data by education level are derived from the Structure of Earnings Survey and related to enterprises with 10+ employees. The underlying average monthly gross earnings refers to October. Country: Russian Federation Change in definition (2005 - 2013): Underlying Earnings data do not include end of year, seniority, bonus payments and other nonrecurrent payments . Data include employees worked whole October; data exclude non-regular, temporary, contractual, absent due to different reasons (maternity, sabbatical, annual leave), part-time workers and others. Country: Slovakia Additional information (2000 - 2012): The concept of Earnings in definitions, geographical coverage, reference period are in compliance with the request. Country: Slovenia Break in methodlogy (2007 - 2013): In 2007 EURO was introduced instead of the national currency SIT. Country: Slovenia Change in definition (2003 - 2013): Data refer to full-time employees only. Country: Slovenia Provisional value (2012): Country: Spain Additional information (2000): The results have been obtained as annual average of quarterly data form a wage survey. The coverage are local units with 5 or more employees. Country: Spain From 2002-2003, the coverage is local units with 10 or more employees. Since 2004, coverage has been extended to all size units. ISCED-97 is used 2002-2010 and ISCED-11 in 2014. Country: Sweden Change in definition (2000 onwards): The Data cover only employees and exlude irregular bonuses and gratuities. Country: Switzerland For monthly earnings, up to 2010 the data cover employees in private and public federal sectors. since 2012, the data concern only the private sector. Country: Switzerland The underlying average earnings data exclude overtime pay and family allowances and refer to full-time equivalents. GPG figures computed from median earnings instead of averages. Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered

The indicator measures the difference between average gross hourly earnings of male paid employees and of female paid employees as a percentage of average gross hourly earnings of male paid employees. The indicator has been defined as unadjusted, because it gives an overall picture of gender inequalities in terms of pay and measures a concept which is broader than the concept of equal pay for equal work. All employees working in firms with ten or more employees, without restrictions for age and hours worked, are included.

The unadjusted Gender Pay Gap (GPG) represents the difference between average gross hourly earnings of male paid employees and of female paid employees as a percentage of average gross hourly earnings of male paid employees. The population consists of all paid employees in enterprises with 10 employees or more in NACE Rev. 2 aggregate B to S (excluding O). The GPG indicator is calculated within the framework of the data collected according to the methodology of the Structure of Earnings Survey.

The unadjusted Gender Pay Gap (GPG) represents the difference between average gross hourly earnings of male paid employees and of female paid employees as a percentage of average gross hourly earnings of male paid employees. All employees working in firms with ten or more employees, without restrictions for age and hours worked, are included.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (OECD, EUROSTAT, CIS) official sources. General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked or rescaled to build long consistent time series. Wages common currency (US$) estimates: are computed by the UNECE Secretariat using the nominal exchange rates. Gross average monthly wages cover total wages and salaries in cash and in kind, before any tax deduction and before social security contributions. They include wages and salaries, remuneration for time not worked, bonuses and gratuities paid by the employer to the employee. For most countries wages cover total economy and are expressed per full-time equivalent employee. This enables comparison of different countries irrespective of the length of working time and the share of part-time and full-time workers. Where data are not available in full-time units, it has been mentioned in the note for the corresponding country. In these cases, the wages are either expressed for full-time workers only or total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. In the case of three countries, wages do not cover total economy. Iceland collects wages for the private sector only. Serbia excludes services provided by households, and Turkey excludes agriculture, fishing and forestry as well as services provided by households. Three countries measure wages and salaries in cash only, excluding in kind remuneration. These are Bosnia and Herzegovina, Estonia and Iceland. .. - data not available Country: Albania Data for the years 1991-1996 only cover wages in the public sector. Data from 1997 includes earnings in public and private sector. The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Country: Armenia The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1993 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new Armenian dram = 200 old rubles. Data from 2012 and later include employers' statutory social security contributions. Country: Azerbaijan The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1993 denomination of the ruble: 1 new manat = 10 old rubles. 2006 redenomination of the ruble: 1 new manta = 5000 old rubles. Country: Belarus The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1994 denomination of the Belarusian ruble: 1 new ruble = 10 old rubles. 2000 redenomination of the ruble: 1 new ruble = 1000 old rubles. Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina The wages include remuneration in cash only, not in kind, and the total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Country: Bulgaria 1999 denomination of the Bulgarian leva: 1 new Bulgarian leva = 1000 old leva. Country: Croatia The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Free lancers and craft workers are not included. 1994 denomination of the Croat dinar: 1 new Croatian Kuna = 1000 dinars. Country: Cyprus Data refer to full-time workers only. 2008: Euro has become the legal tender currency. Country: Estonia The total wages include remuneration in cash only, not in kind. Estonian currency from 1st January 2011 is euro, prior to 2011 - Estonian kroon (EEK), 1992 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new kroon = 10 old rubles. Country: Georgia The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1995 denomination of the lari-kupon: 1 new Georgian Lari = 1000000 old lari-kupon. Country: Iceland Data refer to full-time workers in the private sector only including manufacturing, construction, trade and transport. The wages include remuneration in cash only, not in kind. Country: Israel Data refer to average monthly wages per employee job total, including territories and foreigners. The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Country: Kazakhstan The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1992 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new Kazakh tenge = 500 old rubles. Country: Kyrgyzstan The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1993 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new Kyrgyz = 200 old rubles. Data for 1990-2006 includes the value of housing. Country: Latvia 2014: Euro has become the legal tender currency. 1992 denomination of the Latvian rubble: 1 new Latvian lat = 200 old Latvian talonas. Country: Lithuania 2015: Euro has become the legal tender currency. 1993 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new litas = 100 old rubles. Country: Luxembourg 2008: Euro has become the legal tender currency. Country: Moldova, Republic of The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1993 denomination of the cupon: 1 new leu = 1000 old cupon. Country: Montenegro The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Country: Poland 1995 denomination of the Polish zloty: 1 new zloty = 10000 old zloty. Country: Romania 1991 denomination of the Lei: 1 new Leu = 10 000 old Lei. 2005 redenomination of the Leu: 1 New Leu = 10000 old Leu. Country: Russian Federation The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1998 denomination of the Russian ruble: 1 new ruble = 1000 old rubles. Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013. Country: Serbia 1999 excludes Kosovo and Metohija. The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Wages in services provided by households are not included, covers economic activities A-O (ISIC Rev.3). Country: Slovakia 2009: Euro has become the legal tender currency. Country: Tajikistan The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 2000 denomination of the Tajik ruble: 1 new Tajik somoni = 1000 old rubles. Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Data before 1999 only include payment in cash. 1992 denomination of the Yugoslav dinar: 1 new Macedonian denar = 1 old Yugoslav dinar. 1993 redenomination of the Macedonian denar: 1 new Macedonian denar = 100 old Macedonian denar. Country: Turkey Turkey does not produce these data annually. Since 2008, the wages and salaries in education, heath and social work as well as in other community, social and personal services were included in the data. The data exclude agriculture, fishing and forestry as well as services provided by households. The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1995 denomination of the Lira: 1 New Turkish lira = one million old lira. Country: Turkmenistan 1993 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 Turkmen Manat = 500 Soviet rubles. 2009 redenomination of the Turkmen manat: 1 New Turkman Manat = 5000 old Turkman Manat. Country: Ukraine The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1996 denomination of the Karbovanets: 1 new Ukrainian hryvnia = 100000 old Karbovanets. Country: Uzbekistan 1993 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new Uzbekistan sum = 1000 old ruble.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

Labour cost statistics constitute a hierarchical system of multi-annual, yearly and quarterly statistics, designed to provide a comprehensive and detailed picture of the level, structure and short-term development of labour costs in the different sectors of economic activity in the European Union and certain other countries. All statistics are based on a harmonised definition of labour costs. Annual labour cost data published here cover the core labour cost variables "average hourly labour costs" and "average monthly labour costs" as well as the breakdown of labour costs by main categories (wages and salaries; other labour costs). Average hourly and monthly labour costs as well as the structure of total annual labour costs per employee by economic activity are provided for enterprises with 1+ and for enterprises with 10+ employees.Data  are available for the EU Member States and partly for Iceland and Switzerland. The data are either collected by the National Statistical Institutes or, more frequently, estimated by them on the basis of their four-yearly Labour Cost Surveys (LCS), the Labour Cost Index (LCI) and additional up-to-date - though sometimes partial - information. Coverage of statistical units, thresholds and other methodological aspects are identical to that of the four yearly LCS.

Labour cost statistics provide a comprehensive and detailed picture of the level, structure and short-term development of labour costs in the different sectors of economic activity in the European Union and certain other countries. All statistics are based on a harmonised definition of labour costs. Structural information on labour costs is collected through four-yearly Labour Cost Surveys (LCS), which provides details on the level and structure of labour cost data, hours worked and hours paid. LCS results are available for the reference years 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012. All EU Member States together with Norway and Iceland (2004 onwards), Turkey and Macedonia (2008), as well as Serbia (2012) participated in the LCS. As far as available data and confidentiality rules permit, all variables and proportions are further broken down by enterprise size category, economic activity and region (for larger countries only). The data are collected by the National Statistical Institutes in most cases on the basis of stratified random samples of enterprises or local units, restricted in most countries to units with at least 10 employees. The stratification is based on economic activity, size category and region (where appropriate). Regional metadata is identical to the metadata provided for national data. Some countries also complement the survey results with administrative data. Monetary variables are expressed in EUR, national currencies (for non-euro-area countries) and Purchasing Power Standards (PPS). Labour costs are quoted in total per year, per month and per hour, as well as per capita and per full-time equivalents (FTE). Information on staff, hours worked and hours paid is quoted in aggregate and separately for full- and part-time employees.

Les données peuvent différer des chiffres communiqués au niveau national et de la base de données des indicateurs mondiaux des ODD en raison de différences dans les sources et/ou les années de référence. Cet indicateur présente des données par sexe sur les gains moyens par heure des salariés. En matière de statistiques sur les salaires, le concept de gains s'entend de la rémunération en espèces et en nature versée aux salariés, en règle générale à intervalles réguliers, au titre des heures de travail effectuées ou du travail accompli, ainsi que de la rémunération afférente aux heures non effectuées, par exemple pour le congé annuel, d'autres congés payés ou les jours fériés. Les gains ne comprennent pas les contributions que les employeurs versent pour leurs salariés aux régimes de sécurité sociale et de pension, non plus que les prestations reçues par les salariés dans le cadre de ces régimes. Sont également exclues les indemnités de licenciement et de cessation de service. Les données sont aussi ventilées par profession. Les statistiques sur les gains moyens par heure des salariés ventilées par sexe sont la base du calcul de l'écart salarial entre hommes et femmes. Les données ventilées par profession sont présentées conformément à la version plus récente de la Classification Internationale Type des Professions (CITP) disponible. Les données peuvent avoir été reclassées à partir de classifications nationales, qui peuvent ne pas être strictement comparables à la CITP. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à la description de la base de données Indicateurs des ODD liés au marché du travail (ILOSDG).

Industry, Trade and Services statistics are part of Short-term statistics (STS), they give information on a wide range of economic activities according to NACE Rev.2 classification (Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community). The industrial import price indices offer information according to the CPA classification (Statistical Classification of Products by Activity in the European Economic Community). Construction indices are broken down by Classification of Types of Construction (CC). All data under this heading are index data. Percentage changes are also available for each indicator. The index data are presented in the following forms: UnadjustedCalendar adjustedSeasonally-adjusted Depending on the STS regulation, data are accessible monthly and quarterly. This heading covers the indicators listed below in four different sectors. Based on the national data, Eurostat compiles EU and euro area infra-annual economic statistics. Among these, a list of indicators, called Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) has been identified by key users as being of prime importance for the conduct of monetary and economic policy of the euro area. These indicators are mainly released through Eurostat's website under the heading Euro-indicators. There are eight PEEIs contributed by STS and they are marked with * in the text below. INDUSTRYProduction (volume)*Turnover: Total, Domestic market and Non-domestic market==> A further breakdown of the non-domestic turnover into euro area and non euro area is available for the euro area countriesProducer prices (output prices)*: Total, Domestic market and Non-domestic market==> A further breakdown of the non-domestic producer prices into euro area and non euro area is available for the euro area countriesImport prices*: Total, Euro area market, Non euro area market (euro area countries only)Labour input indicators: Number of persons employed, Hours worked, Gross wages and salaries CONSTRUCTIONProduction (volume)*: Total of the construction sector, Building construction, Civil EngineeringLabour input indicators: Number of Persons Employed, Hours Worked, Gross Wages and SalariesConstruction costs IndexBuilding permits indicators*: Number of dwellings WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADEVolume of sales (deflated turnover)*Turnover (in value)Labour input indicators: Number of Persons Employed SERVICES Turnover (in value)*Producer prices (Ouput prices)*

Gross premiums written shall comprise all amounts due during the financial year in respect of insurance contracts regardless of the fact that such amounts may relate in whole or in part to a later financial year, and shall include inter alia reinsurance premiums received from other insurance undertakings. The above amounts shall not include the amounts of taxes or charges levied with premiums.

Labour cost statistics constitute a hierarchical system of multi-annual, yearly and quarterly statistics, designed to provide a comprehensive and detailed picture of the level, structure and short-term development of labour costs in the different sectors of economic activity in the European Union and certain other countries. All statistics are based on a harmonised definition of labour costs. The quarterly Labour Cost Index (LCI) is a Euro Indicator which measures the cost pressure arising from the production factor "labour". The data covered in the LCI collection relate to total average hourly labour costs and to the labour cost categories "wages and salaries" and "employers' social security contributions plus taxes paid minus subsidies received by the employer". Data - also broken down by economic activity, are available for the EU aggregates and EU Member States (NACE Rev 1.1 Sections C to K (1996Q1-2008Q4) and NACE Rev 2 Sections B to S), in working day and seasonally adjusted form. The data on the Labour Cost Index are given in the form of index numbers (current reference year: 2012) and of annual and quarterly growth rates (comparison with the previous quarter, or the same quarter of the previous year). On annual basis the labour cost levels (in Euro and national currency) are also published, based on the latest Labour Cost Survey inflated by the LCI. In contrast to the information collected for the other Labour Cost domains, the labour costs covered in the LCI do not include vocational training costs and other expenditure such as recruitment costs and working clothes expenditure. The data are estimated by the National Statistical Institutes on the basis of available structural and short-term information from samples and administrative records for enterprises of all sizes.

Labour cost index shows the short-term development of the total cost, on an hourly basis, for employers of employing the labour force. The index covers all market economic activities except agriculture, forestry, fisheries, education, health, community, social and personal service activities. Labour costs include gross wages and salaries, employers social contributions and taxes net of subsidies connected to employment. The labour cost index is compiled as a "chain-linked Laspeyres cost-index" using a common index reference period (2016 = 100). The index is presented in calendar and seasonally adjusted form. Growth rates with respect to the previous quarter (Q/Q-1) are calculated from seasonally and calendar adjusted figures while growth rates with respect to the same quarter of the previous year (Q/Q-4) are calculated from calendar adjusted figures.

Labour cost index shows the short-term development of the total cost, on an hourly basis, for employers of employing the labour force. The index covers all market economic activities except agriculture, forestry, fisheries, education, health, community, social and personal service activities. Labour costs include gross wages and salaries, employers social contributions and taxes net of subsidies connected to employment. The labour cost index is compiled as a "chain-linked Laspeyres cost-index" using a common index reference period (2016 = 100). The index is presented in calendar and seasonally adjusted form. Growth rates with respect to the previous quarter (Q/Q-1) are calculated from seasonally and calendar adjusted figures while growth rates with respect to the same quarter of the previous year (Q/Q-4) are calculated from calendar adjusted figures.

Labour cost index shows the short-term development of the total cost, on an hourly basis, for employers of employing the labour force. The index covers all market economic activities except agriculture, forestry, fisheries, education, health, community, social and personal service activities. Labour costs include gross wages and salaries, employers social contributions and taxes net of subsidies connected to employment. The labour cost index is compiled as a "chain-linked Laspeyres cost-index" using a common index reference period (2016 = 100). The index is presented in calendar and seasonally adjusted form. Growth rates with respect to the previous quarter (Q/Q-1) are calculated from seasonally and calendar adjusted figures while growth rates with respect to the same quarter of the previous year (Q/Q-4) are calculated from calendar adjusted figures.

Labour cost index shows the short-term development of the total cost, on an hourly basis, for employers of employing the labour force. The index covers all market economic activities except agriculture, forestry, fisheries, education, health, community, social and personal service activities. Labour costs include gross wages and salaries, employers social contributions and taxes net of subsidies connected to employment. The labour cost index is compiled as a "chain-linked Laspeyres cost-index" using a common index reference period (2016 = 100). The index is presented in calendar and seasonally adjusted form. Growth rates with respect to the previous quarter (Q/Q-1) are calculated from seasonally and calendar adjusted figures while growth rates with respect to the same quarter of the previous year (Q/Q-4) are calculated from calendar adjusted figures.

Labour cost statistics constitute a hierarchical system of multi-annual, yearly and quarterly statistics, designed to provide a comprehensive and detailed picture of the level, structure and short-term development of labour costs in the different sectors of economic activity in the European Union and certain other countries. All statistics are based on a harmonised definition of labour costs. The quarterly Labour Cost Index (LCI) is a Euro Indicator which measures the cost pressure arising from the production factor "labour". The data covered in the LCI collection relate to total average hourly labour costs and to the labour cost categories "wages and salaries" and "employers' social security contributions plus taxes paid minus subsidies received by the employer". Data - also broken down by economic activity, are available for the EU aggregates and EU Member States (NACE Rev 1.1 Sections C to K (1996Q1-2008Q4) and NACE Rev 2 Sections B to S), in working day and seasonally adjusted form. The data on the Labour Cost Index are given in the form of index numbers (current base year: 2016) and of annual and quarterly growth rates (comparison with the previous quarter, or the same quarter of the previous year). On annual basis the labour cost levels (in Euro and national currency) are also published, based on the latest Labour Cost Survey inflated by the LCI. In contrast to the information collected for the other Labour Cost domains, the labour costs covered in the LCI do not include vocational training costs and other expenditure such as recruitment costs and working clothes expenditure. The data are estimated by the National Statistical Institutes on the basis of available structural and short-term information from samples and administrative records for enterprises of all sizes. The labour cost index (LCI) shows the short-term development of the labour cost, the total cost on an hourly basis of employing labour. In other words, the LCI measures the cost pressure arising from the production factor “labour”.  In addition, Eurostat estimates of the annual labour cost per hour in euros are provided for EU Member States as well as the whole EU; they were obtained by combining the four-yearly Labour cost survey (LCS) with the quarterly labour cost index. 

Labour cost statistics constitute a hierarchical system of multi-annual, yearly and quarterly statistics, designed to provide a comprehensive and detailed picture of the level, structure and short-term development of labour costs in the different sectors of economic activity in the European Union and certain other countries. All statistics are based on a harmonised definition of labour costs. The quarterly Labour Cost Index (LCI) is a Euro Indicator which measures the cost pressure arising from the production factor "labour". The data covered in the LCI collection relate to total average hourly labour costs and to the labour cost categories "wages and salaries" and "employers' social security contributions plus taxes paid minus subsidies received by the employer". Data - also broken down by economic activity, are available for the EU aggregates and EU Member States (NACE Rev 1.1 Sections C to K (1996Q1-2008Q4) and NACE Rev 2 Sections B to S), in working day and seasonally adjusted form. The data on the Labour Cost Index are given in the form of index numbers (current base year: 2016) and of annual and quarterly growth rates (comparison with the previous quarter, or the same quarter of the previous year). On annual basis the labour cost levels (in Euro and national currency) are also published, based on the latest Labour Cost Survey inflated by the LCI. In contrast to the information collected for the other Labour Cost domains, the labour costs covered in the LCI do not include vocational training costs and other expenditure such as recruitment costs and working clothes expenditure. The data are estimated by the National Statistical Institutes on the basis of available structural and short-term information from samples and administrative records for enterprises of all sizes. The labour cost index (LCI) shows the short-term development of the labour cost, the total cost on an hourly basis of employing labour. In other words, the LCI measures the cost pressure arising from the production factor “labour”.  In addition, Eurostat estimates of the annual labour cost per hour in euros are provided for EU Member States as well as the whole EU; they were obtained by combining the four-yearly Labour cost survey (LCS) with the quarterly labour cost index. 

Labour cost statistics constitute a hierarchical system of multi-annual, yearly and quarterly statistics, designed to provide a comprehensive and detailed picture of the level, structure and short-term development of labour costs in the different sectors of economic activity in the European Union and certain other countries. All statistics are based on a harmonised definition of labour costs. The quarterly Labour Cost Index (LCI) is a Euro Indicator which measures the cost pressure arising from the production factor "labour". The data covered in the LCI collection relate to total average hourly labour costs and to the labour cost categories "wages and salaries" and "employers' social security contributions plus taxes paid minus subsidies received by the employer". Data - also broken down by economic activity, are available for the EU aggregates and EU Member States (NACE Rev 1.1 Sections C to K (1996Q1-2008Q4) and NACE Rev 2 Sections B to S), in working day and seasonally adjusted form. The data on the Labour Cost Index are given in the form of index numbers (current reference year: 2012) and of annual and quarterly growth rates (comparison with the previous quarter, or the same quarter of the previous year). On annual basis the labour cost levels (in Euro and national currency) are also published, based on the latest Labour Cost Survey inflated by the LCI. In contrast to the information collected for the other Labour Cost domains, the labour costs covered in the LCI do not include vocational training costs and other expenditure such as recruitment costs and working clothes expenditure. The data are estimated by the National Statistical Institutes on the basis of available structural and short-term information from samples and administrative records for enterprises of all sizes.

With most of the old EU Member States participating in economic and monetary union since 1999, infra-annual economic statistics for the euro area and the European Union as a whole have gained and will continue to gain even more operational importance for collective and private decision-making. The momentum of the EU economies and most notably the euro area economy has to be assessed continuously. The Euro-indicators/PEEIs special topic is exclusively dedicated to infra-annual economic statistics such as consumer prices, national accounts, balance of payments, external trade, industry trade and services, the labour market, as well as a selection of monetary and financial indicators of the European Central Bank and business and consumer survey results from the European Commission's Economic and Financial Affairs DG. The pages are updated daily and offer free of charge statistics for the EU and the euro area. The database contains key indicators and an unrivalled volume of mostly harmonised and, above all, uniformly structured and documented national and European series. Data can be extracted online with the help of a new, user-friendly browser and customised extractions can be obtained on request. The alert function helps everybody to keep track of what is going on statistically. Metadata in ESMS format are available for the following collections: Balance of paymentsBusiness and Consumers SurveysConsumer pricesInternational TradeIndustry, Trade and ServicesLabour MarketMonetary and Financial IndicatorsNational AccountsHouse price statistics

Labour cost statistics constitute a hierarchical system of multi-annual, yearly and quarterly statistics, designed to provide a comprehensive and detailed picture of the level, structure and short-term development of labour costs in the different sectors of economic activity in the European Union and certain other countries. All statistics are based on a harmonised definition of labour costs. The quarterly Labour Cost Index (LCI) is a Euro Indicator which measures the cost pressure arising from the production factor "labour". The data covered in the LCI collection relate to total average hourly labour costs and to the labour cost categories "wages and salaries" and "employers' social security contributions plus taxes paid minus subsidies received by the employer". Data - also broken down by economic activity, are available for the EU aggregates and EU Member States (NACE Rev 1.1 Sections C to K (1996Q1-2008Q4) and NACE Rev 2 Sections B to S), in working day and seasonally adjusted form. The data on the Labour Cost Index are given in the form of index numbers (current reference year: 2012) and of annual and quarterly growth rates (comparison with the previous quarter, or the same quarter of the previous year). On annual basis the labour cost levels (in Euro and national currency) are also published, based on the latest Labour Cost Survey inflated by the LCI. In contrast to the information collected for the other Labour Cost domains, the labour costs covered in the LCI do not include vocational training costs and other expenditure such as recruitment costs and working clothes expenditure. The data are estimated by the National Statistical Institutes on the basis of available structural and short-term information from samples and administrative records for enterprises of all sizes.

Labour cost statistics provide a comprehensive and detailed picture of the level, structure and short-term development of labour costs in the different sectors of economic activity in the European Union and certain other countries. All statistics are based on a harmonised definition of labour costs. Structural information on labour costs is collected through four-yearly Labour Cost Surveys (LCS), which provides details on the level and structure of labour cost data, hours worked and hours paid. LCS results are available for the reference years 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012. All EU Member States together with Norway and Iceland (2004 onwards), Turkey and Macedonia (2008), as well as Serbia (2012) participated in the LCS. As far as available data and confidentiality rules permit, all variables and proportions are further broken down by enterprise size category, economic activity and region (for larger countries only). The data are collected by the National Statistical Institutes in most cases on the basis of stratified random samples of enterprises or local units, restricted in most countries to units with at least 10 employees. The stratification is based on economic activity, size category and region (where appropriate). Regional metadata is identical to the metadata provided for national data. Some countries also complement the survey results with administrative data. Monetary variables are expressed in EUR, national currencies (for non-euro-area countries) and Purchasing Power Standards (PPS). Labour costs are quoted in total per year, per month and per hour, as well as per capita and per full-time equivalents (FTE). Information on staff, hours worked and hours paid is quoted in aggregate and separately for full- and part-time employees.

Labour cost statistics provide a comprehensive and detailed picture of the level, structure and short-term development of labour costs in the different sectors of economic activity in the European Union and certain other countries. All statistics are based on a harmonised definition of labour costs. Structural information on labour costs is collected through four-yearly Labour Cost Surveys (LCS), which provides details on the level and structure of labour cost data, hours worked and hours paid. LCS results are available for the reference years 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012. All EU Member States together with Norway and Iceland (2004 onwards), Turkey and Macedonia (2008), as well as Serbia (2012) participated in the LCS. As far as available data and confidentiality rules permit, all variables and proportions are further broken down by enterprise size category, economic activity and region (for larger countries only). The data are collected by the National Statistical Institutes in most cases on the basis of stratified random samples of enterprises or local units, restricted in most countries to units with at least 10 employees. The stratification is based on economic activity, size category and region (where appropriate). Regional metadata is identical to the metadata provided for national data. Some countries also complement the survey results with administrative data. Monetary variables are expressed in EUR, national currencies (for non-euro-area countries) and Purchasing Power Standards (PPS). Labour costs are quoted in total per year, per month and per hour, as well as per capita and per full-time equivalents (FTE). Information on staff, hours worked and hours paid is quoted in aggregate and separately for full- and part-time employees.

This table contains data on Average hourly labour costs which are defined as total labour costs divided by the corresponding number of hours worked by the yearly average number of employees, expressed in full-time units." Labour Costs (D) cover Wages and Salaries (D11) and non-wage costs (Employers’ social contributions plus taxes less subsidies: D12+D4-D5)

The domain "Income and living conditions" covers four topics: people at risk of poverty or social exclusion, income distribution and monetary poverty, living conditions and material deprivation, which are again structured into collections of indicators on specific topics. The collection "People at risk of poverty or social exclusion" houses main indicator on risk of poverty or social inclusion included in the Europe 2020 strategy as well as the intersections between sub-populations of all Europe 2020 indicators on poverty and social exclusion. The collection "Income distribution and monetary poverty" houses collections of indicators relating to poverty risk, poverty risk of working individuals as well as the distribution of income. The collection "Living conditions" hosts indicators relating to characteristics and living conditions of households, characteristics of the population according to different breakdowns, health and labour conditions, housing conditions as well as childcare related indicators. The collection "Material deprivation" covers indicators relating to economic strain, durables, housing deprivation and environment of the dwelling.

The domain "Income and living conditions" covers four topics: people at risk of poverty or social exclusion, income distribution and monetary poverty, living conditions and material deprivation, which are again structured into collections of indicators on specific topics. The collection "People at risk of poverty or social exclusion" houses main indicator on risk of poverty or social inclusion included in the Europe 2020 strategy as well as the intersections between sub-populations of all Europe 2020 indicators on poverty and social exclusion. The collection "Income distribution and monetary poverty" houses collections of indicators relating to poverty risk, poverty risk of working individuals as well as the distribution of income. The collection "Living conditions" hosts indicators relating to characteristics and living conditions of households, characteristics of the population according to different breakdowns, health and labour conditions, housing conditions as well as childcare related indicators. The collection "Material deprivation" covers indicators relating to economic strain, durables, housing deprivation and environment of the dwelling.

Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at/below the prevailing federal minimum wage, U.S.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is to provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on the relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Unlike the other Structure of Earnings Survey tables, this dataset presents the main indicators of the several vintages of SES (SES2002 / SES2006 / SES2010 / SES2014) merged into one table. 

Main Economic Indicators (MEI) provides a wide range of indicators on recent economic developments in the 35 OECD member countries and 15 non-member countries. The indicators published in MEI have been prepared by national statistical agencies primarily to meet the requirements of users within their own country. In most instances, the indicators are compiled in accordance with international statistical guidelines and recommendations. However, national practices may depart from these guidelines, and these departures may impact on comparability between countries.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnigns Survey is a 4-yearly survey conducted by the National Statistical Institutes (NSI). The tables published present data on number of employees, mean hourly earnings and hourly overtime pay, mean monthly earnings and overtime & shift pay, mean annual earnings and total annual bonuses, mean monthly hours paid and mean annual holidays. Details of available indicators and tables can be found under Annexes Tables 2002 at the bottom of this page. Regional metadata is identical to metadata provided for the national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnigns Survey is a 4-yearly survey conducted by the National Statistical Institutes (NSI). The tables published present data on number of employees, mean hourly earnings and hourly overtime pay, mean monthly earnings and overtime & shift pay, mean annual earnings and total annual bonuses, mean monthly hours paid and mean annual holidays. Details of available indicators and tables can be found under Annexes Tables 2002 at the bottom of this page. Regional metadata is identical to metadata provided for the national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnigns Survey is a 4-yearly survey conducted by the National Statistical Institutes (NSI). The tables published present data on number of employees, mean hourly earnings and hourly overtime pay, mean monthly earnings and overtime & shift pay, mean annual earnings and total annual bonuses, mean monthly hours paid and mean annual holidays. Details of available indicators and tables can be found under Annexes Tables 2002 at the bottom of this page. Regional metadata is identical to metadata provided for the national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The source for the regional labour market information down to NUTS level 2 is the EU Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS). This is a quarterly household sample survey conducted in all Member States of the EU and in EFTA and Candidate countries.  The EU-LFS survey follows the definitions and recommendations of the International Labour Organisation (ILO). To achieve further harmonisation, the Member States also adhere to common principles when formulating questionnaires. The LFS' target population is made up of all persons in private households aged 15 and over. For more information see the EU Labour Force Survey (lfsi_esms, see paragraph 21.1.).  The EU-LFS is designed to give accurate quarterly information at national level as well as annual information at NUTS 2 regional level and the compilation of these figures is well specified in the regulation. Microdata including the NUTS 2 level codes are provided by all the participating countries with a good degree of geographical comparability, which allows the production and dissemination of a complete set of comparable indicators for this territorial level. At present the transmission of the regional labour market data at NUTS 3 level has no legal basis. However many countries transmit NUTS 3 figures to Eurostat on a voluntary basis, under the understanding that they are not for publication with such detail, but for aggregation in few categories per country, i.e., metropolitan regions and urban-rural typology. Most of the NUTS 3 data are based on the LFS while some countries transmit data based on registers, administrative data, small area estimation and other reliable sources.

The source for the regional labour market information down to NUTS level 2 is the EU Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS). This is a quarterly household sample survey conducted in all Member States of the EU and in EFTA and Candidate countries.  The EU-LFS survey follows the definitions and recommendations of the International Labour Organisation (ILO). To achieve further harmonisation, the Member States also adhere to common principles when formulating questionnaires. The LFS' target population is made up of all persons in private households aged 15 and over. For more information see the EU Labour Force Survey (lfsi_esms, see paragraph 21.1.).  The EU-LFS is designed to give accurate quarterly information at national level as well as annual information at NUTS 2 regional level and the compilation of these figures is well specified in the regulation. Microdata including the NUTS 2 level codes are provided by all the participating countries with a good degree of geographical comparability, which allows the production and dissemination of a complete set of comparable indicators for this territorial level. At present the transmission of the regional labour market data at NUTS 3 level has no legal basis. However many countries transmit NUTS 3 figures to Eurostat on a voluntary basis, under the understanding that they are not for publication with such detail, but for aggregation in few categories per country, i.e., metropolitan regions and urban-rural typology. Most of the NUTS 3 data are based on the LFS while some countries transmit data based on registers, administrative data, small area estimation and other reliable sources.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnigns Survey is a 4-yearly survey conducted by the National Statistical Institutes (NSI). The tables published present data on number of employees, mean hourly earnings and hourly overtime pay, mean monthly earnings and overtime & shift pay, mean annual earnings and total annual bonuses, mean monthly hours paid and mean annual holidays. Details of available indicators and tables can be found under Annexes Tables 2002 at the bottom of this page. Regional metadata is identical to metadata provided for the national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnigns Survey is a 4-yearly survey conducted by the National Statistical Institutes (NSI). The tables published present data on number of employees, mean hourly earnings and hourly overtime pay, mean monthly earnings and overtime & shift pay, mean annual earnings and total annual bonuses, mean monthly hours paid and mean annual holidays. Details of available indicators and tables can be found under Annexes Tables 2002 at the bottom of this page. Regional metadata is identical to metadata provided for the national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnigns Survey is a 4-yearly survey conducted by the National Statistical Institutes (NSI). The tables published present data on number of employees, mean hourly earnings and hourly overtime pay, mean monthly earnings and overtime & shift pay, mean annual earnings and total annual bonuses, mean monthly hours paid and mean annual holidays. Details of available indicators and tables can be found under Annexes Tables 2002 at the bottom of this page. Regional metadata is identical to metadata provided for the national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnigns Survey is a 4-yearly survey conducted by the National Statistical Institutes (NSI). The tables published present data on number of employees, mean hourly earnings and hourly overtime pay, mean monthly earnings and overtime & shift pay, mean annual earnings and total annual bonuses, mean monthly hours paid and mean annual holidays. Details of available indicators and tables can be found under Annexes Tables 2002 at the bottom of this page. Regional metadata is identical to metadata provided for the national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is to provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on the relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Unlike the other Structure of Earnings Survey tables, this dataset presents the main indicators of the several vintages of SES (SES2002 / SES2006 / SES2010 / SES2014) merged into one table.

For cross-country comparisons, data on minimum wage levels are further supplemented with another measure of minimum wages relative to average wages, that is, the ratio of minimum wages to median earnings of full-time employees. Median rather than mean earnings provide a better basis for international comparisons as it accounts for differences in earnings dispersion across countries. However, while median of basic earnings of full-time workers - i.e. excluding overtime and bonus payments - are, ideally, the preferred measure of average wages for international comparisons of minimum-to-median earnings, they are not available for a large number of countries. Minimum relative to mean earnings of full-time workers are also provided.

Minimum wage statistics published by Eurostat refer to monthly national minimum wages. The data shown here apply to the situation on 1st of January each year. In some countries the basic national minimum wage is not fixed at a monthly rate but at an hourly or weekly rate. For these countries the hourly or weekly rates are converted into monthly rates. The national minimum wage is enforced by law, often after consultation with the social partners, or directly by national intersectoral agreement (this is the case in Belgium and Greece). The national minimum wage usually applies to all employees, or at least to a large majority of employees in the country. Minimum wages are gross amounts, that is, before deduction of income tax and social security contributions. Such deductions vary from country to country.

This dataset contains statutory and national minimum wages in 30 OECD Member countries, Brazil, Malta, Romania and the Russian Federation. For detailed country notes: see http://www.oecd.org/employment/emp/Minimum-wages.pdf

Note: Data set year has been considered as "Minimum Wage Effective Year"

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a 4-yearly survey which provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is so that National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES 2010 provides detailed and comparable information on relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Regional data is also available for some countries and regional metadata is identical to that provided for national data.

Labour cost statistics constitute a hierarchical system of multi-annual, yearly and quarterly statistics, designed to provide a comprehensive and detailed picture of the level, structure and short-term development of labour costs in the different sectors of economic activity in the European Union and certain other countries. All statistics are based on a harmonised definition of labour costs. Annual labour cost data published here cover the core labour cost variables "average hourly labour costs" and "average monthly labour costs" as well as the breakdown of labour costs by main categories (wages and salaries; other labour costs). Average hourly and monthly labour costs as well as the structure of total annual labour costs per employee by economic activity are provided for enterprises with 1+ and for enterprises with 10+ employees.Data  are available for the EU Member States and partly for Iceland and Switzerland. The data are either collected by the National Statistical Institutes or, more frequently, estimated by them on the basis of their four-yearly Labour Cost Surveys (LCS), the Labour Cost Index (LCI) and additional up-to-date - though sometimes partial - information. Coverage of statistical units, thresholds and other methodological aspects are identical to that of the four yearly LCS.

Les données sur le temps de travail sont présentées, si possible, en fonction du nombre moyen d'heures de travail par semaine et reflètent le nombre total d'heures travaillées dans tous les emplois des personnes pourvues d'un emploi et dans tous les types d'arrangements du temps de travail (par exemple, à temps plein et temps partiel). Les heures réellement effectuées incluent : a) Les «heures directement consacrées» à une activité productive représentent le temps consacré aux tâches et fonctions d'un emploi ; b) Les «heures indirectement consacrées» à une activité productive représentent le temps passé à entretenir, faciliter ou développer les activités productives ; c) Les «temps morts», c'est-à dire les périodes au cours desquelles la personne dans son emploi ne peut pas travailler en raison, par exemple, d'un incident technique ou d'une interruption des activités, d'un accident, d'un manque de fournitures, d'une panne d'électricité ou d'un défaut d'accès à l'Internet et d) Les «périodes de repos» sont de courtes pauses pour se détendre, prendre une collation ou prier, qui sont généralement conformes à la coutume ou au contrat, selon les normes établies ou les conditions nationales. Les heures réellement effectuées excluent le temps non travaillé tel que: a) les congés annuels, les jours fériés, les congés de maladie, les congés de maternité ou de paternité, les autres absences pour raisons personnelles ou familiales ou de devoir civique ; b) la durée des trajets entre le lieu de travail et le domicile, lorsqu'aucune activité productive n'est réalisée pour l'emploi; et dans le cas d'un emploi salarié, même si ces heures sont rémunérées par l'employeur; c) le temps consacré à des activités de formation, et dans le cas d'un emploi salarié, même si cette activité est autorisée, payée ou organisée par l'employeur; d) les pauses plus longues qui se distinguent des courtes périodes de repos pendant lesquelles aucune activité productive n'est réalisée (par exemple, les pauses pour les repas ou les périodes naturelles de repos au cours des déplacements de longue durée); et dans le cas d'un emploi salarié, même lorsqu'elles sont rémunérées par l'employeur. Les personnes pourvues d'un emploi sont toutes les personnes en âge de travailler qui, durant une brève période de référence spécifiée, se trouvaient dans une des catégories suivantes: a) emploi salarié (soit au travail ou ayant un emploi mais pas au travail), b) emploi non salarié ou indépendant (soit au travail ou ayant une entreprise mais pas au travail). Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à nos ressources sur les méthodes .

Dans le but de promouvoir la comparabilité internationale, les statistiques présentées sur ILOSTAT sont basées sur des définitions internationales standard dans la mesure du possible et peuvent différer des chiffres nationaux officiels. Cette série est basée sur les définitions de la 13e CIST. Pour la comparabilité des séries chronologiques, elle inclut les pays qui ont mis en >uvre les normes de la 19e CIST, pour lesquels des données sont également disponibles dans la base de données Statistiques du travail -- 19e CIST (WORK). Les données sur les heures de travail sont présentées, dans la mesure du possible, sur la base du nombre moyen d'heures de travail par semaine, et en référence aux heures travaillées dans l'emploi principal (rémunéré), indépendamment de l'aménagement du temps de travail (par exemple, temps plein et temps partiel). -temps). Les données ventilées par activité économique sont présentées conformément à la version plus récente de la Classification internationale type des industries (CITI) disponible. Les données peuvent avoir été reclassées à partir de classifications nationales, qui peuvent ne pas être strictement comparables à la CITI. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à la description de la base de données Statistiques sur la main-d'oeuvre (LFS et STLFS).

Dans le but de promouvoir la comparabilité internationale, les statistiques présentées sur ILOSTAT sont basées sur des définitions internationales standard dans la mesure du possible et peuvent différer des chiffres nationaux officiels. Cette série est basée sur les définitions de la 13e CIST. Pour la comparabilité des séries chronologiques, elle inclut les pays qui ont mis en >uvre les normes de la 19e CIST, pour lesquels des données sont également disponibles dans la base de données Statistiques du travail -- 19e CIST (WORK). Les données sur les heures de travail sont présentées, dans la mesure du possible, sur la base du nombre moyen d'heures de travail par semaine, et en référence aux heures travaillées dans l'emploi principal (rémunéré), indépendamment de l'aménagement du temps de travail (par exemple, temps plein et temps partiel). -temps). Les données ventilées par activité économique sont présentées conformément à la version plus récente de la Classification internationale type des industries (CITI) disponible. Les données peuvent avoir été reclassées à partir de classifications nationales, qui peuvent ne pas être strictement comparables à la CITI. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à la description de la base de données Statistiques sur les salaires et le temps de travail (COND).

Les données sur le temps de travail sont présentées, si possible, en fonction du nombre moyen d'heures de travail par semaine et reflètent le nombre total d'heures travaillées dans tous les emplois des personnes pourvues d'un emploi et dans tous les types d'arrangements du temps de travail (par exemple, à temps plein et temps partiel). Les heures réellement effectuées incluent : a) Les «heures directement consacrées» à une activité productive représentent le temps consacré aux tâches et fonctions d'un emploi ; b) Les «heures indirectement consacrées» à une activité productive représentent le temps passé à entretenir, faciliter ou développer les activités productives ; c) Les «temps morts», c'est-à dire les périodes au cours desquelles la personne dans son emploi ne peut pas travailler en raison, par exemple, d'un incident technique ou d'une interruption des activités, d'un accident, d'un manque de fournitures, d'une panne d'électricité ou d'un défaut d'accès à l'Internet et d) Les «périodes de repos» sont de courtes pauses pour se détendre, prendre une collation ou prier, qui sont généralement conformes à la coutume ou au contrat, selon les normes établies ou les conditions nationales. Les heures réellement effectuées excluent le temps non travaillé tel que: a) les congés annuels, les jours fériés, les congés de maladie, les congés de maternité ou de paternité, les autres absences pour raisons personnelles ou familiales ou de devoir civique ; b) la durée des trajets entre le lieu de travail et le domicile, lorsqu'aucune activité productive n'est réalisée pour l'emploi; et dans le cas d'un emploi salarié, même si ces heures sont rémunérées par l'employeur; c) le temps consacré à des activités de formation, et dans le cas d'un emploi salarié, même si cette activité est autorisée, payée ou organisée par l'employeur; d) les pauses plus longues qui se distinguent des courtes périodes de repos pendant lesquelles aucune activité productive n'est réalisée (par exemple, les pauses pour les repas ou les périodes naturelles de repos au cours des déplacements de longue durée); et dans le cas d'un emploi salarié, même lorsqu'elles sont rémunérées par l'employeur. Les personnes pourvues d'un emploi sont toutes les personnes en âge de travailler qui, durant une brève période de référence spécifiée, se trouvaient dans une des catégories suivantes: a) emploi salarié (soit au travail ou ayant un emploi mais pas au travail), b) emploi non salarié ou indépendant (soit au travail ou ayant une entreprise mais pas au travail). Les données sont présentées par activité économique utilisant la version plus récente de la Classification internationale type des industries (CITI) disponible chaque année pour une sélection de &

Dans le but de promouvoir la comparabilité internationale, les statistiques présentées sur ILOSTAT sont basées sur des définitions internationales standard dans la mesure du possible et peuvent différer des chiffres nationaux officiels. Cette série est basée sur les définitions de la 13e CIST. Pour la comparabilité des séries chronologiques, elle inclut les pays qui ont mis en >uvre les normes de la 19e CIST, pour lesquels des données sont également disponibles dans la base de données Statistiques du travail -- 19e CIST (WORK). Les données sur les heures de travail sont présentées, dans la mesure du possible, sur la base du nombre moyen d'heures de travail par semaine, et en référence aux heures travaillées dans l'emploi principal (rémunéré), indépendamment de l'aménagement du temps de travail (par exemple, temps plein et temps partiel). -temps). Les données ventilées par profession sont présentées conformément à la version plus récente de la Classification Internationale Type des Professions (CITP) disponible. Les données peuvent avoir été reclassées à partir de classifications nationales, qui peuvent ne pas être strictement comparables à la CITP. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à la description de la base de données Statistiques sur la main-d'oeuvre (LFS et STLFS).

Dans le but de promouvoir la comparabilité internationale, les statistiques présentées sur ILOSTAT sont basées sur des définitions internationales standard dans la mesure du possible et peuvent différer des chiffres nationaux officiels. Cette série est basée sur les définitions de la 13e CIST. Pour la comparabilité des séries chronologiques, elle inclut les pays qui ont mis en >uvre les normes de la 19e CIST, pour lesquels des données sont également disponibles dans la base de données Statistiques du travail -- 19e CIST (WORK). Les données sur les heures de travail sont présentées, dans la mesure du possible, sur la base du nombre moyen d'heures de travail par semaine, et en référence aux heures travaillées dans l'emploi principal (rémunéré), indépendamment de l'aménagement du temps de travail (par exemple, temps plein et temps partiel). -temps). Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à la description de la base de données Statistiques sur les salaires et le temps de travail (COND).

Les données sur le temps de travail sont présentées, si possible, en fonction du nombre moyen d'heures de travail par semaine et reflètent le nombre total d'heures travaillées dans tous les emplois des personnes pourvues d'un emploi et dans tous les types d'arrangements du temps de travail (par exemple, à temps plein et temps partiel). Les heures réellement effectuées incluent : a) Les «heures directement consacrées» à une activité productive représentent le temps consacré aux tâches et fonctions d'un emploi ; b) Les «heures indirectement consacrées» à une activité productive représentent le temps passé à entretenir, faciliter ou développer les activités productives ; c) Les «temps morts», c'est-à dire les périodes au cours desquelles la personne dans son emploi ne peut pas travailler en raison, par exemple, d'un incident technique ou d'une interruption des activités, d'un accident, d'un manque de fournitures, d'une panne d'électricité ou d'un défaut d'accès à l'Internet et d) Les «périodes de repos» sont de courtes pauses pour se détendre, prendre une collation ou prier, qui sont généralement conformes à la coutume ou au contrat, selon les normes établies ou les conditions nationales. Les heures réellement effectuées excluent le temps non travaillé tel que: a) les congés annuels, les jours fériés, les congés de maladie, les congés de maternité ou de paternité, les autres absences pour raisons personnelles ou familiales ou de devoir civique ; b) la durée des trajets entre le lieu de travail et le domicile, lorsqu'aucune activité productive n'est réalisée pour l'emploi; et dans le cas d'un emploi salarié, même si ces heures sont rémunérées par l'employeur; c) le temps consacré à des activités de formation, et dans le cas d'un emploi salarié, même si cette activité est autorisée, payée ou organisée par l'employeur; d) les pauses plus longues qui se distinguent des courtes périodes de repos pendant lesquelles aucune activité productive n'est réalisée (par exemple, les pauses pour les repas ou les périodes naturelles de repos au cours des déplacements de longue durée); et dans le cas d'un emploi salarié, même lorsqu'elles sont rémunérées par l'employeur. Les personnes pourvues d'un emploi sont toutes les personnes en âge de travailler qui, durant une brève période de référence spécifiée, se trouvaient dans une des catégories suivantes: a) emploi salarié (soit au travail ou ayant un emploi mais pas au travail), b) emploi non salarié ou indépendant (soit au travail ou ayant une entreprise mais pas au travail). Les données sont présentées par profession utilisant la version plus récente de la Classification Internationale Type des Professions (CITP) disponible chaque année, pour une sélection de catégories au niveau à 2 chiffres de la classification

Dans le but de promouvoir la comparabilité internationale, les statistiques présentées sur ILOSTAT sont basées sur des définitions internationales standard dans la mesure du possible et peuvent différer des chiffres nationaux officiels. Cette série est basée sur les définitions de la 13e CIST. Pour la comparabilité des séries chronologiques, elle inclut les pays qui ont mis en >uvre les normes de la 19e CIST, pour lesquels des données sont également disponibles dans la base de données Statistiques du travail -- 19e CIST (WORK). Les données sur les heures de travail sont présentées, dans la mesure du possible, sur la base du nombre moyen d'heures de travail par semaine, et en référence aux heures travaillées dans l'emploi principal (rémunéré), indépendamment de l'aménagement du temps de travail (par exemple, temps plein et temps partiel). -temps). Les données ventilées par activité économique sont présentées conformément à la version plus récente de la Classification internationale type des industries (CITI) disponible. Les données peuvent avoir été reclassées à partir de classifications nationales, qui peuvent ne pas être strictement comparables à la CITI. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à la description de la base de données Statistiques sur la main-d'oeuvre (LFS et STLFS).

Dans le but de promouvoir la comparabilité internationale, les statistiques présentées sur ILOSTAT sont basées sur des définitions internationales standard dans la mesure du possible et peuvent différer des chiffres nationaux officiels. Cette série est basée sur les définitions de la 13e CIST. Pour la comparabilité des séries chronologiques, elle inclut les pays qui ont mis en >uvre les normes de la 19e CIST, pour lesquels des données sont également disponibles dans la base de données Statistiques du travail -- 19e CIST (WORK). Les données sur les heures de travail sont présentées, dans la mesure du possible, sur la base du nombre moyen d'heures de travail par semaine, et en référence aux heures travaillées dans l'emploi principal (rémunéré), indépendamment de l'aménagement du temps de travail (par exemple, temps plein et temps partiel). -temps). Les données ventilées par activité économique sont présentées conformément à la version plus récente de la Classification internationale type des industries (CITI) disponible. Les données peuvent avoir été reclassées à partir de classifications nationales, qui peuvent ne pas être strictement comparables à la CITI. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à la description de la base de données Statistiques sur les salaires et le temps de travail (COND).

Les données sur le temps de travail sont présentées, si possible, en fonction du nombre moyen d'heures de travail par semaine et reflètent le nombre total d'heures travaillées dans tous les emplois des personnes pourvues d'un emploi et dans tous les types d'arrangements du temps de travail (par exemple, à temps plein et temps partiel). Les heures réellement effectuées incluent : a) Les «heures directement consacrées» à une activité productive représentent le temps consacré aux tâches et fonctions d'un emploi ; b) Les «heures indirectement consacrées» à une activité productive représentent le temps passé à entretenir, faciliter ou développer les activités productives ; c) Les «temps morts», c'est-à dire les périodes au cours desquelles la personne dans son emploi ne peut pas travailler en raison, par exemple, d'un incident technique ou d'une interruption des activités, d'un accident, d'un manque de fournitures, d'une panne d'électricité ou d'un défaut d'accès à l'Internet et d) Les «périodes de repos» sont de courtes pauses pour se détendre, prendre une collation ou prier, qui sont généralement conformes à la coutume ou au contrat, selon les normes établies ou les conditions nationales. Les heures réellement effectuées excluent le temps non travaillé tel que: a) les congés annuels, les jours fériés, les congés de maladie, les congés de maternité ou de paternité, les autres absences pour raisons personnelles ou familiales ou de devoir civique ; b) la durée des trajets entre le lieu de travail et le domicile, lorsqu'aucune activité productive n'est réalisée pour l'emploi; et dans le cas d'un emploi salarié, même si ces heures sont rémunérées par l'employeur; c) le temps consacré à des activités de formation, et dans le cas d'un emploi salarié, même si cette activité est autorisée, payée ou organisée par l'employeur; d) les pauses plus longues qui se distinguent des courtes périodes de repos pendant lesquelles aucune activité productive n'est réalisée (par exemple, les pauses pour les repas ou les périodes naturelles de repos au cours des déplacements de longue durée); et dans le cas d'un emploi salarié, même lorsqu'elles sont rémunérées par l'employeur. L'emploi salarié concerne les travailleurs ayant des emplois rémunérés avec des contrats de travail leur donnant droit à une rémunération de base qui n'est pas directement dépendante du revenu de l'unité pour laquelle ils travaillent. Les données sont présentées par activité économique utilisant la version plus récente de la Classification internationale type des industries (CITI) disponible chaque année pour une sélection de catégories au niveau à 2 chiffres de la classification.

Dans le but de promouvoir la comparabilité internationale, les statistiques présentées sur ILOSTAT sont basées sur des définitions internationales standard dans la mesure du possible et peuvent différer des chiffres nationaux officiels. Cette série est basée sur les définitions de la 13e CIST. Pour la comparabilité des séries chronologiques, elle inclut les pays qui ont mis en >uvre les normes de la 19e CIST, pour lesquels des données sont également disponibles dans la base de données Statistiques du travail -- 19e CIST (WORK). Les données sur les heures de travail sont présentées, dans la mesure du possible, sur la base du nombre moyen d'heures de travail par semaine, et en référence aux heures travaillées dans l'emploi principal (rémunéré), indépendamment de l'aménagement du temps de travail (par exemple, temps plein et temps partiel). -temps). Les données ventilées par profession sont présentées conformément à la version plus récente de la Classification Internationale Type des Professions (CITP) disponible. Les données peuvent avoir été reclassées à partir de classifications nationales, qui peuvent ne pas être strictement comparables à la CITP. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à la description de la base de données Statistiques sur la main-d'oeuvre (LFS et STLFS).

Dans le but de promouvoir la comparabilité internationale, les statistiques présentées sur ILOSTAT sont basées sur des définitions internationales standard dans la mesure du possible et peuvent différer des chiffres nationaux officiels. Cette série est basée sur les définitions de la 13e CIST. Pour la comparabilité des séries chronologiques, elle inclut les pays qui ont mis en >uvre les normes de la 19e CIST, pour lesquels des données sont également disponibles dans la base de données Statistiques du travail -- 19e CIST (WORK). Les données sur les heures de travail sont présentées, dans la mesure du possible, sur la base du nombre moyen d'heures de travail par semaine, et en référence aux heures travaillées dans l'emploi principal (rémunéré), indépendamment de l'aménagement du temps de travail (par exemple, temps plein et temps partiel). -temps). Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à la description de la base de données Statistiques sur les salaires et le temps de travail (COND).

Les données sur le temps de travail sont présentées, si possible, en fonction du nombre moyen d'heures de travail par semaine et reflètent le nombre total d'heures travaillées dans tous les emplois des personnes pourvues d'un emploi et dans tous les types d'arrangements du temps de travail (par exemple, à temps plein et temps partiel). Les heures réellement effectuées incluent : a) Les «heures directement consacrées» à une activité productive représentent le temps consacré aux tâches et fonctions d'un emploi ; b) Les «heures indirectement consacrées» à une activité productive représentent le temps passé à entretenir, faciliter ou développer les activités productives ; c) Les «temps morts», c'est-à dire les périodes au cours desquelles la personne dans son emploi ne peut pas travailler en raison, par exemple, d'un incident technique ou d'une interruption des activités, d'un accident, d'un manque de fournitures, d'une panne d'électricité ou d'un défaut d'accès à l'Internet et d) Les «périodes de repos» sont de courtes pauses pour se détendre, prendre une collation ou prier, qui sont généralement conformes à la coutume ou au contrat, selon les normes établies ou les conditions nationales. Les heures réellement effectuées excluent le temps non travaillé tel que: a) les congés annuels, les jours fériés, les congés de maladie, les congés de maternité ou de paternité, les autres absences pour raisons personnelles ou familiales ou de devoir civique ; b) la durée des trajets entre le lieu de travail et le domicile, lorsqu'aucune activité productive n'est réalisée pour l'emploi; et dans le cas d'un emploi salarié, même si ces heures sont rémunérées par l'employeur; c) le temps consacré à des activités de formation, et dans le cas d'un emploi salarié, même si cette activité est autorisée, payée ou organisée par l'employeur; d) les pauses plus longues qui se distinguent des courtes périodes de repos pendant lesquelles aucune activité productive n'est réalisée (par exemple, les pauses pour les repas ou les périodes naturelles de repos au cours des déplacements de longue durée); et dans le cas d'un emploi salarié, même lorsqu'elles sont rémunérées par l'employeur. L'emploi salarié concerne les travailleurs ayant des emplois rémunérés avec des contrats de travail leur donnant droit à une rémunération de base qui n'est pas directement dépendante du revenu de l'unité pour laquelle ils travaillent. Les données sont présentées par profession utilisant la version plus récente de la Classification Internationale Type des Professions (CITP) disponible chaque année, pour une sélection de catégories au niveau à 2 chiffres de la classification. L'information sur la profession fait référence &

Eurostat Dataset Id:lc_n00num1 Labour cost statistics constitute a hierarchical system of multi-annual, yearly and quarterly statistics, designed to provide a comprehensive and detailed picture of the level, structure and short-term development of labour costs in the different sectors of economic activity in the European Union and certain other countries. All statistics are based on a harmonised definition of labour costs. Structural information on labour costs is collected through four-yearly Labour Cost Surveys (LCSs), which provides details on level and structure of labour cost data, hours worked and hours paid. LCS results are available for the reference years 2000, 2004 and 2008. All EU Member States together with Norway, Iceland and Croatia (2004, 2008), Turkey and Macedonia (2008) participated in the LCS. As far as available data and confidentiality rules permit, all variables and proportions are further broken down by enterprise size category, economic activity and region (larger countries only). The data are collected by the National Statistical Institutes in most cases on the basis of stratified random samples of enterprises or local units, restricted in most countries to units with at least 10 employees. The stratification is based on economic activity, size category and region (where appropriate). Regional metadata is identical to the metadata provided for national data. Some countries also complement the survey results with administrative data. Monetary variables are expressed in EUR, national currencies (if different) and Purchasing Power Standards (PPS). Labour costs are quoted in total and per year, per month and per hour, as well as per capita and per full-time equivalents (FTE). Information on staff, hours worked and hours paid is quoted in aggregate and separately for full- and part-time employees. Labour cost statistics constitute a hierarchical system of multi-annual, yearly and quarterly statistics, designed to provide a comprehensive and detailed picture of the level, structure and short-term development of labour costs in the different sectors of economic activity in the European Union and certain other countries. All statistics are based on a harmonised definition of labour costs.

Les observations imputées ne sont pas basées sur des données nationales, sont soumises à une grande incertitude et ne doivent pas être utilisées pour des comparaisons ou des classements de pays. La part du revenu du travail dans le PIB est le rapport, en pourcentage, entre le revenu total du travail et le produit intérieur brut (une mesure de la production totale), tous deux fournis en termes nominaux. Le revenu du travail comprend la rémunération des employés et une partie du revenu des travailleurs indépendants. Les travailleurs indépendants tirent à la fois de leur travail et de la propriété de leur capital. La rémunération totale des employés s'entend de la rémunération, en espèces ou en nature, payable par une entreprise à un employé en contrepartie du travail effectué par ce dernier au cours de la période comptable. Le revenu du travail des travailleurs indépendants est imputé sur la base d'une analyse statistique des salariés présentant des caractéristiques similaires. La part du revenu du travail après comptabilisation du revenu du travail des travailleurs indépendants est souvent appelée la part du revenu du travail dans le PIB ajustée. Pour plus d'informations, consultez la note méthodologique général (en anglais). Pour obtenir des métadonnées complètes, veuillez télécharger les données à partir du site de téléchargement en bloc.

Les observations imputées ne sont pas basées sur des données nationales, sont soumises à une grande incertitude et ne doivent pas être utilisées pour des comparaisons ou des classements de pays.Cet indicateur montre en pourcentage la part du revenu total du travail qui revient à chaque décile. Le revenu du travail comprend la rémunération des employés et une partie du revenu des travailleurs indépendants. Les travailleurs indépendants tirent à la fois de leur travail et de la propriété de leur capital. La rémunération totale des employés s'entend de la rémunération, en espèces ou en nature, payable par une entreprise à un employé en contrepartie du travail effectué par ce dernier au cours de la période comptable. Le revenu du travail des travailleurs indépendants est imputé sur la base d'une analyse statistique des salariés présentant des caractéristiques similaires. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous aux pages ILOSTAT sur lesconcepts et définitions et les estimations et projections modélisées du BIT.

Les données présentées correspondent au salaire minimum mensuel des salariés au 31 décembre de chaque année. Les pays où les salaires minimums font l>object de négociations collectives ne sont pas inclus. Dans les cas où il n>y a pas de salaire minimum national, le salaire minimum présenté est celui de la capitale ou ville principale. Dans certains cas, nous présentons une moyenne de plusieurs salaires minimums régionaux. En général, dans les pays où le salaire minimum est établi par secteur ou par profession, nous utilisons le salaire minimum dans la manufacture ou des travailleurs non qualifiés. Il s>agit d>une série harmonisée : (1) lorsque les données collectées font référence aux salaires horaires, hebdomadaires, ou annuels, ceux-ci sont convertis en salaires mensuels grâce aux données sur le temps du travail (lorsqu>elles sont disponibles) ; et (2) les données sont toutes exprimées en dollars américains en tant que monnaie commune, en utilisant le taux de change avec le dollar US ou les taux de parité de pouvoir d>achat (PPA) de 2017 pour les dépenses de consommation privée. Cette dernière série permet de réaliser des comparaisons internationales en tenant compte des différences relatives de prix entre pays. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à notre page sur les concepts et définitions.

Les données présentées correspondent au salaire minimum mensuel des salariés au 31 décembre de chaque année. Les pays où les salaires minimums font l>objet de négociations collectives ne sont pas inclus. Dans les cas où il n>y a pas de salaire minimum national, le salaire minimum présenté est celui de la capitale ou ville principale. Dans certains cas, nous présentons une moyenne de plusieurs salaires minimums régionaux. En général, dans les pays où le salaire minimum est établi par secteur ou par profession, nous utilisons le salaire minimum dans la manufacture ou des travailleurs non qualifiés. Il s>agit d>une série harmonisée : les données collectées faisant référence aux salaires horaires, hebdomadaires, ou annuels sont convertis en salaires par heure grâce aux données sur le temps du travail (lorsqu>elles sont disponibles); et ensuite exprimées en dollars américains en tant que monnaie commune, en utilisant les taux de parité de pouvoir d>achat (PPA) de 2011 pour les dépenses de consommation privée. Cette série permet de réaliser des comparaisons internationales en tenant compte des différences relatives de prix entre pays. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à nos ressources sur les méthodes .

Les données présentées correspondent au salaire minimum mensuel brut des salariés au 31 décembre de chaque année, en termes nominaux. Les pays où les salaires minimums font l>objet de négociations collectives ne sont pas inclus. Dans les cas où il n>y a pas de salaire minimum national, le salaire minimum présenté est celui de la capitale ou ville principale. Dans certains cas, nous présentons une moyenne de plusieurs salaires minimums régionaux. En général, dans les pays où le salaire minimum est établi par secteur ou par profession, nous utilisons le salaire minimum dans la manufacture ou des travailleurs non qualifiés. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à notre page sur les concepts et définitions.

Labour Costs are the total expenditure borne by employers for the purpose of employing staff. They include employee compensation (including wages, salaries in cash and in kind, employers' social security contributions), vocational training costs, other expenditure such as recruitment costs, spending on working clothes and employment taxes regarded as labour costs minus any subsidies received.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is to provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on the relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Unlike the other Structure of Earnings Survey tables, this dataset presents the main indicators of the several vintages of SES (SES2002 / SES2006 / SES2010 / SES2014) merged into one table.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is to provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on the relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Unlike the other Structure of Earnings Survey tables, this dataset presents the main indicators of the several vintages of SES (SES2002 / SES2006 / SES2010 / SES2014) merged into one table.

The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) provides EU-wide harmonised structural data on gross earnings, hours paid and annual days of paid holiday leave, which are collected every four years under Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs, and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings. The objective of this legislation is to provide accurate and harmonised data on earnings in EU Member States and other countries for policy-making and research purposes. The SES provides detailed and comparable information on the relationships between the level of hourly, monthly and annual remuneration, personal characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and their employer (economic activity, size and economic control of the enterprise). Unlike the other Structure of Earnings Survey tables, this dataset presents the main indicators of the several vintages of SES (SES2002 / SES2006 / SES2010 / SES2014) merged into one table.

Labour cost statistics provide a comprehensive and detailed picture of the level, structure and short-term development of labour costs in the different sectors of economic activity in the European Union and certain other countries. All statistics are based on a harmonised definition of labour costs. Structural information on labour costs is collected through four-yearly Labour Cost Surveys (LCS), which provides details on the level and structure of labour cost data, hours worked and hours paid. LCS results are available for the reference years 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012. All EU Member States together with Norway and Iceland (2004 onwards), Turkey and Macedonia (2008), as well as Serbia (2012) participated in the LCS. As far as available data and confidentiality rules permit, all variables and proportions are further broken down by enterprise size category, economic activity and region (for larger countries only). The data are collected by the National Statistical Institutes in most cases on the basis of stratified random samples of enterprises or local units, restricted in most countries to units with at least 10 employees. The stratification is based on economic activity, size category and region (where appropriate). Regional metadata is identical to the metadata provided for national data. Some countries also complement the survey results with administrative data. Monetary variables are expressed in EUR, national currencies (for non-euro-area countries) and Purchasing Power Standards (PPS). Labour costs are quoted in total per year, per month and per hour, as well as per capita and per full-time equivalents (FTE). Information on staff, hours worked and hours paid is quoted in aggregate and separately for full- and part-time employees.

Labour cost statistics provide a comprehensive and detailed picture of the level, structure and short-term development of labour costs in the different sectors of economic activity in the European Union and certain other countries. All statistics are based on a harmonised definition of labour costs. Structural information on labour costs is collected through four-yearly Labour Cost Surveys (LCS), which provides details on the level and structure of labour cost data, hours worked and hours paid. LCS results are available for the reference years 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012. All EU Member States together with Norway and Iceland (2004 onwards), Turkey and Macedonia (2008), as well as Serbia (2012) participated in the LCS. As far as available data and confidentiality rules permit, all variables and proportions are further broken down by enterprise size category, economic activity and region (for larger countries only). The data are collected by the National Statistical Institutes in most cases on the basis of stratified random samples of enterprises or local units, restricted in most countries to units with at least 10 employees. The stratification is based on economic activity, size category and region (where appropriate). Regional metadata is identical to the metadata provided for national data. Some countries also complement the survey results with administrative data. Monetary variables are expressed in EUR, national currencies (for non-euro-area countries) and Purchasing Power Standards (PPS). Labour costs are quoted in total per year, per month and per hour, as well as per capita and per full-time equivalents (FTE). Information on staff, hours worked and hours paid is quoted in aggregate and separately for full- and part-time employees.

Dans le but de promouvoir la comparabilité internationale, les statistiques présentées sur ILOSTAT sont basées sur des définitions internationales standard dans la mesure du possible et peuvent différer des chiffres nationaux officiels. Cette série est basée sur les définitions de la 13e CIST. Pour la comparabilité des séries chronologiques, elle inclut les pays qui ont mis en >uvre les normes de la 19e CIST, pour lesquels des données sont également disponibles dans la base de données Statistiques du travail -- 19e CIST (WORK). Cette mesure de la distribution des gains transmet la proportion de salariés dont les gains horaires dans tous les emplois sont inférieurs aux deux tiers des gains horaires médians. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous à la description de la base de données Statistiques sur les salaires et le temps de travail (COND).

The simple approach of comparing the tax/benefit position of example households avoids many of the conceptual and definitional problems involved in more complex international comparisons of tax burdens and transfer programmes. However, a drawback of this methodology is that the earnings of an average worker will usually occupy a different position in the overall income distribution in different economies, although the earnings relate to workers in similar jobs in various OECD Member countries. Because of the limitations on the taxes and benefits covered in the Report, the data cannot be taken as an indication of the overall impact of the government sector on the welfare of taxpayers and their families. Complete coverage would require studies of the impact of indirect taxes, the treatment of non-wage labour income and other income components under personal income taxes and the effect of other tax allowances and cash benefits. Complete coverage would also require that consideration be given to the effect on welfare of services provided by the state, either free or below cost, and the incidence of corporate and other direct taxes on earnings and prices. Such a broad coverage is not possible in an international comparison of all OECD countries. The differences between the results shown here and those of a full study of the overall impact on employees of government interventions in the economy would vary from one country to another. They would depend on the relative shares of different kinds of taxes in government revenues and on the scope and nature of government social expenditures. The Report shows only the formal incidence of taxes on employees and employers. The final, economic incidence of taxes may be quite different, because the tax burden may be shifted from employers onto employees and vice versa by market adjustments to gross wages. The income left at the disposal of a taxpayer may represent different standards of living in various countries because the range of goods and services on which the income is spent and their relative prices differ as between countries. In those countries where the general government sector provides a wide range of goods and services (generous basic old age pension, free health services, public housing, university education, etcetera), the taxpayer may be left with less cash income but may enjoy the same living standards as a taxpayer receiving a higher cash income but living in a country where there are fewer publicly provided goods and services.

This dataset presents internationally comparable data on (full-time) salaries of teachers and school heads in public institutions at pre-primary, primary and general (lower and upper) secondary education. Actual salaries are displayed by level of education and are also available by age and gender. Data also include other statistics related to salaries of teachers.

This dataset presents internationally comparable data on (full-time) salaries of teachers and school heads in public institutions at pre-primary, primary and general (lower and upper) secondary education. Statutory salaries are displayed by level of education, Data also include other statistics related to salaries of teachers.

This table shows the top statutory personal income tax rate and top marginal tax rates for employees at the earnings threshold where the top statutory PIT rate first applies.

Labour Costs are the total expenditure borne by employers for the purpose of employing staff. They include employee compensation (including wages, salaries in cash and in kind, employers' social security contributions), vocational training costs, other expenditure such as recruitment costs, spending on working clothes and employment taxes regarded as labour costs minus any subsidies received.

The wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio is an indicator of labour productivity that is derived from structural business statistics. It is defined as value added divided by personnel costs which is subsequently adjusted by the share of paid employees in the total number of persons employed, or more simply, apparent labour productivity divided by average personnel costs (expressed as a ratio in percentage terms). Given that this indicator is based on expenditure for labour input rather than a headcount of labour input, it is more relevant for comparisons across activities (or countries) with very different incidences of part-time employment or self-employment.

This dataset contains age wage gaps defined as the difference between mean (median) earnings of 25-54 year-olds and that of 15-24 year-olds (respectively 55-64 year-olds) relative to mean (median) earnings of 25-54 year-olds. Earnings refer to gross earnings of full-time dependent employees unless otherwise indicated.