Knoema.com - Emissions http://knoema.fr 2023-02-06T15:11:55Z /favicon.png Knoema est votre Route du savoir personnelle China's Role in Global Climate Change Mitigation //knoema.fr/jxdvhxc/china-s-role-in-global-climate-change-mitigation 2023-02-06T15:11:55Z Misha Gusev knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1000560
China's Role in Global Climate Change Mitigation

(February 2023) As the world’s largest emitter, China’s carbon emissions account for 28% of the global total, surpassing those of the US and Europe combined since 2012. The fastest increase in carbon emissions were observed from 2000 to 2013. China therefore has a key role in global climate change mitigation.Data from EDGAR shows that 80% of China’s carbon emissions are from electric power generation and industrial sources, since its rapid industrialization, urbanization and globalization are powered by a coal-dominated energy system.China has adopted a low-carbon strategy for its economic development. With large-scale deployment of renewable power generation, particularly hydro, wind, and solar, the share of fossil fuel has reached an all-time low and coal consumption has plateaued. China plans to become carbon neutral by 2060. According to the research conducted by scientists from the Tsinghua University, China has already met several national environmental targets: as of 2020, carbon intensity was reduced by 18.8% relative to the 2015 level, the share of non-fossil consumption as part of the total primary energy consumption was increased to 15.9%, and forest stock volume was increased to over 17.5 billion m3, exceeding the targets of 18%, 15% and 16.5 billion m3, respectively. 

Misha Gusev knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1000560
China’s CO2 Emissions Fell by a Record 8% in Q2 202 //knoema.fr/znzxshe/china-s-co2-emissions-fell-by-a-record-8-in-q2-202 2022-09-02T10:50:24Z Misha Gusev knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1000560
China’s CO2 Emissions Fell by a Record 8% in Q2 202

Data from Carbon Brief shows China’s emissions have now fallen year-on-year for four consecutive quarters. According to Carbon Brief China’s CO2 emissions fell 8% in April to June, compared with the year before. In absolute terms, this is the largest quarterly reduction in at least a decade, amounting to some 230MtCO2, as shown in the chart below. The latest quarterly decline was driven by China’s ongoing real-estate slump, strict Covid control measures, weak growth in electricity demand and strong growth in renewable output.

Misha Gusev knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1000560
Rising Lifestyle Expectations Undermine Climate Change Goals //knoema.fr/hcddxxf/rising-lifestyle-expectations-undermine-climate-change-goals 2022-02-08T08:37:20Z Misha Gusev knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1000560
Rising Lifestyle Expectations Undermine Climate Change Goals

(04 February 2022) The exponential growth of per capita income over the last century has significantly improved living standards around the world. One of the consequences of rising living standards has been an increase in per capita living space. While most developed countries are close to the saturation point in terms of demand for larger homes, in many emerging economies there is a significant potential for further increase in per capita floor area. According to an article by Katherine Ellsworth-Krebs of Lancaster University, the increase in per capita living space coupled with the global trend of declining household size has the potential to undermine efforts to reach climate change targets.Smaller household sizes and larger per capita living space increase energy and resource consumption, waste, and biodiversity losses, since more energy and building materials are required to build, heat, and supply larger homes with fewer occupants. According to data from OECD, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from Residential and Other Sectors* in OECD-member countries in 2019 amounted to 1.6 gigatonnes of CO2 equivalent, or nearly 11% of total GHG emissions.OECD data shows that GHG emissions from the residential sector in the U.S. is a little over twice the rate in India. However, the population of India is four times the population of the U.S., while per capita floor area in the U.S is about seven times higher than in India. The gap in living space per person between developed countries and the rest of the world underlines the potential for further increase in global GHG emissions from the housing sector, which can hardly be tackled by managing household expectations of how much space is "enough." *OECD data on GHG emissions for Residential and Other Sectors includes emissions from fuel combustion in households, commercial and institutional buildings, and agriculture, forestry, and fishing

Misha Gusev knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1000560
The True Carbon Emission Country Ranking //knoema.fr/rziokkb/the-true-carbon-emission-country-ranking 2022-01-18T19:46:25Z Misha Gusev knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1000560
The True Carbon Emission Country Ranking

(02 December 2021) As governments and businesses aim to reduce carbon footprint to meet climate targets, measuring carbon emissions at global, country, and corporate levels has become extremely important. A key tool designed to reduce carbon footprint is carbon pricing/taxation, in which a government sets a price (or a carbon tax) that emitters must pay for each ton of greenhouse gas emissions they emit. Existing carbon pricing schemes tax only current carbon flows, but what about carbon emissions of the past? Who should pay for these?  Using Global Carbon Atlas data on fossil fuel CO2 emissions for more than 200 countries over the last sixty years, we have created a "true" ranking of carbon emissions by country that ranks countries by accumulated, rather than annual, emissions. Here are the key findings:Countries that were already significantly industrialized in the second half of the 20th century rank higher in accumulated carbon emission than they do in annual carbon emission rankings.China, which is the largest carbon emitter on an annual basis, with 32% of global CO2 emissions in 2020, accumulated 23% less CO2 emissions from 1960 to 2020 than the U.S.On an accumulated basis, the world's largest CO2 emitter is the U.S., which is responsible for 22% of global CO2 emissions in the sixty-year period from 1960 to 2020. China's share in global accumulated carbon emissions, 17%, is just over half its share in global annual emissions. Looking at emissions this way might provide a more realistic framework for carbon tax rate calculations. For example, let's assume a scenario in which all countries use the same method of calculation to determine their carbon tax rates. If accumulated emissions are used as the basis for this rate calculation, countries with high current emissions but low historic emissions will have a lower tax burden than they would if current annual emissions were used as the basis for the tax rate. This means, for example, that the value of carbon tax paid by businesses (and, indirectly, consumers) in China would be almost 50% lower with an accumulated emissions calculation than it would be if carbon tax were calculated on an annual emissions basis.

Misha Gusev knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1000560
US is Leading the Global Energy Transition //knoema.fr/guamqie/us-is-leading-the-global-energy-transition 2022-01-18T18:03:34Z Misha Gusev knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1000560
US is Leading the Global Energy Transition

(17 December 2021) With the global energy transition gaining momentum, we've employed Knoema's public data repository to rank leading economies by their energy transition progress. Knoema’s Global Energy Transition Ranking is based on four indicators: all-electric car stock, using a dataset from the International Energy Agency; wind and solar electricity capacity data, from the International Renewable Energy Agency; and net change in CO2 emissions from fossil fuels combustion between 2010 and 2020, from Global Carbon Atlas. Here are key findings:The U.S. is leading the global energy transition. It has the world’s second-largest stock of all-electric cars and second-largest wind and solar electricity generation capacities, and it is far ahead of the rest of the world in reducing С02 emissions over the past decade: U.S. CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion in 2020 were 963 million metric tons of carbon lower than in 2010.China, which is the leading country on the scale of adopted renewable energy technologies — stock of EVs and solar and wind electricity generation capacity — is ranked only 24th in the Global Energy Transition Ranking because of the country’s upward trend in CO2 emissions. Between 2010 and 2020, China’s CO2 emissions increased by 2,051 million metric tons of carbon.

Misha Gusev knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1000560
Which Countries Have the Most Ambitious 2030 Emissions-Reduction Targets? //knoema.fr/mynafrd/which-countries-have-the-most-ambitious-2030-emissions-reduction-targets 2021-11-08T11:19:10Z Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
Which Countries Have the Most Ambitious 2030 Emissions-Reduction Targets?

Climate change is recognized as a significant issue for people's lives and economic well-being worldwide. Since greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are associated with climate change, many countries have been making efforts to regulate and limit them. Under the 2015 Paris Agreement, countries pledged to advance climate change mitigation by committing to national GHG reduction targets. In 2015, the countries submitted their first national strategies, known as Nationally Determined Contributions or NDCs, for reducing their share of greenhouse gases by 2030. The data visualizations below explore GHG emission reductions from 1990 to the present, as well as potential future reductions based on countries' current NDCs.Since 1990, the most significant reductions in GHG emissions have been achieved by the United Kingdom (40.9% decline), Russia (30.9%), and the EU-27 (22.1%). Emissions cuts in the UK and European Union (27) were driven by decarbonization of the energy sector, improving energy efficiency, and structural changes in the economy that shifted energy-intensive industries to the developing world and increased of service-based sectors in GDP. In Russia, GHG emissions declined due to the deep economic crisis of the 1990s that induced industries to close down or substantially reduce output. By the early 2000s, emissions had dropped more than 40% from 1990 levels.Comparing current emissions with 2005 levels, the standout leaders are the UK and Brazil, which have succeeded in decreasing emissions by 30%. The European Union (27) has reduced its emissions by 16% since 2005, while Russia's emissions, in contrast, have grown by 23%.According to the most recently submitted NDCs, the most ambitious goals in emissions reduction by 2030 belong to the UK, the EU-27, and Australia, followed by Brazil and the United States. The Russian NDC reflects a goal to stabilization of emissions on the 70% of 1990 level, or an increase of 12% compared to the 2015 level. Indonesia, according to its latest NDC of 2016, expects a decrease in emissions at 1.6% below 2015 levels (or an increase of almost 64% over 2005). In the best-case scenario, including international support, Indonesia expects to reduce emissions up to 18% below 2015 levels (a 36% rise over 2005).   This dashboard contains data on 10 major economies, 7 of which top the list of the largest GHG emitters on the planet. The proposed actions of these countries will largely determine the extent of future GHG emissions reductions and whether they meet the aims of the Paris Agreement.

Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
IPCC: Climate Change Is Irreversible Over Thousands of Years //knoema.fr/hzpkgke/ipcc-climate-change-is-irreversible-over-thousands-of-years 2021-08-20T05:34:50Z Misha Gusev knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1000560
IPCC: Climate Change Is Irreversible Over Thousands of Years

(10 August 2021) "Climate change is irreversible." This was perhaps the most significant conclusion of the most recent report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The report, a product of the combined efforts of 234 scientists from 66 countries, projects that in the coming decades climate changes will increase in all regions of the globe, with increasing heat waves, longer warm seasons, and shorter cold seasons. Other key findings from the IPCC report:Sea level will continue to rise, and the likelihood of crossing the global temperature increase level of 1.5°C (relative to the preindustrial period, approximated by the period 1850-1900) in the next few decades is very high.The observed warming is driven by emissions from human activities. Based on improved observational datasets to assess historical warming, as well progress in scientific understanding of the response of the climate system to human-caused greenhouse gas emissions, the IPCC estimates that human activities are responsible for 95% of observed global warming.

Misha Gusev knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1000560
Carbon Pricing Initiatives Are Gaining Momentum //knoema.fr/mwbxule/carbon-pricing-initiatives-are-gaining-momentum 2021-08-04T10:25:10Z Misha Gusev knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1000560
Carbon Pricing Initiatives Are Gaining Momentum

(26 July 2021) According to the World Bank’s State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2021, there are 64 carbon pricing schemes in operation around the world today, covering over 21% of global emissions and generating over $50 billion of revenue per year.Though the share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions covered by carbon pricing initiatives is growing fast, with a threefold increase over the last decade, experts note that thus far less than 4% of global emissions are covered by a carbon price higher than $40 per ton of carbon equivalent — the price they warn is needed to meet the 2C target (the goal of keeping global temperature rise to less than 2°C above pre-industrial levels).Of the ten largest producers of GHG emissions, six — the US, India, Russia, Brazil, Indonesia and Iran — have not yet introduced national-level carbon pricing schemes. Together, these six countries account for over 30% of global GHG emissions. Note: To discourage consumption of carbon-intensive resources and services, the government sets a price (or a carbon tax) that emitters must pay for each ton of greenhouse gas emissions they emit. Businesses and consumers will take steps, such as switching fuels or adopting new technologies, to reduce their emissions to avoid paying the tax. And government will redistribute the revenue from carbon pricing to increase investment in green energy, carbon free technologies and climate adaptation. (C2ES).

Misha Gusev knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1000560
Carbon Majors' GHG Footprint Revealed //knoema.fr/espfiuf/carbon-majors-ghg-footprint-revealed 2021-07-13T08:36:36Z Misha Gusev knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1000560
Carbon Majors' GHG Footprint Revealed

(10 June 2021) While 30% of the world's largest corporations have already made a commitment to reducing carbon emissions, there are other companies whose economic activity is inextricably linked to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and for whom reducing their carbon footprint is barely feasible — the so-called "carbon majors." In its 2020 Carbon Majors report, the Climate Accountability Institute estimates that between 1965 and 2018, 493 billion tons of greenhouse gases (in CO2 equivalent), or 35% of global GHG emissions from fossil fuels and cement production, were emitted from the combustion of coal, oil, and gas produced by twenty major fossil fuel companies.4.3% of global CO2 emissions from fossil fuels combustion and cement production between 1965 and 2018 can be attributed to Saudi Aramco, one of the largest public companies in the world.The list of top twenty carbon majors also includes four US companies, which taken together are responsible for more than 8% of global CO2 emissions from 1965 through 2018. Note: List of fossil fuel majors doesn't necessary corresponds to the list of carbon majors. List of fossil fuel majors is usually comprised of largest fossil fuels producers ranked by market value, annual revenue or amount of produced fossil fuels. List of carbon majors includes companies ranked by the amount of greenhouse gasses emitted in the process of production and from the combustion of produced fossil fuels.

Misha Gusev knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1000560
Greenhouse Gases | Country Profiles //knoema.fr/zheyswf/greenhouse-gases-country-profiles 2019-11-22T20:52:07Z Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
Greenhouse Gases | Country Profiles

It is generally accepted that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere venting from anthropogenic sources are in part responsible for global warming, one driver of global climate change. While the reality of global warming itself is still under political and scientific debate, measurements indicate that the average temperature on Earth has increased by 0.7 degrees Celsius since the start of the Industrial Revolution. To estimate the influence of and prevent dangerous interference from anthropogenic sources in the global climate system, reliable estimates of emissions and removal of GHGs from the atmosphere are required, a critical objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The charts and graphs below demonstrate existing data to this aim, reflecting information about the contribution of countries worldwide to GHG emissions and emissions by source.      Sources: Greenhouse gas database, 2013 | Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data, May 2013 Note: LULUCF is land use, land-use change and forestry sector.  

Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
CO2 emissions by type of fuel consumption and country //knoema.fr/jcdfvab/co2-emissions-by-type-of-fuel-consumption-and-country 2019-11-14T10:41:36Z Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
CO2 emissions by type of fuel consumption and country

Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is naturally occurring gas fixed by photosynthesis into organic matter. A byproduct of fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, it is also emitted from land use changes and other industrial processes. It is the principal anthropogenic greenhouse gas that affects the Earth's radiative balance. Emissions of CO2 are from burning oil, coal and gas for energy use, burning wood and waste materials, and from industrial processes such as cement production. The environmental effects of carbon dioxide are of significant interest. Carbon dioxide (CO2) makes up the largest share of the greenhouse gases contributing to global warming and climate change.

Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
Seven Big Summits: Conference of Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change //knoema.fr/qgegit/seven-big-summits-conference-of-parties-to-the-un-framework-convention-on-climate-change 2018-10-29T12:33:00Z Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
Seven Big Summits: Conference of Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

COP24 is the informal name for the 24th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Conference of the Parties (COP) is the supreme body of the UNFCCC Convention. It consists of the representatives of the Parties to the Convention. It holds its sessions every year. The COP takes decisions which are necessary to ensure the effective implementation of the provisions of the Convention and regularly reviews the implementation of these provisions. In accordance with a decision of the 22nd Session of the Conference of the Parties to the Climate Convention (COP22) in Marrakesh in November 2016, the successive climate summit will be held in Poland. Poland was selected to host this event within the framework of the Eastern European Group (EEG). The most important task during COP24 will be to develop and adopt a package of decisions ensuring full implementation of the Paris Agreement, according to the decisions taken in Paris (COP21), Marrakesh (CMA1.1) and Bonn (COP23). Paris Agreement main goals is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Additionally, the agreement aims to increase the ability of countries to deal with the impacts of climate change, and at making finance flows consistent with a low GHG emissions and climate-resilient pathway. During the summit there will also take place Supporting Dialogue (Talanoa Dialogue) – an overview of the achievements of individual countries in the field of climate protection. The Polish presidency plans to focus its message on three key themes: 1) Technology - development of climate-friendly modern solutions, such as electromobility; 2) Man - solidary and just transition of industrial regions; 3) Nature - achieving climate neutrality by absorbing CO2 by forests and land, or by water management.   Date of Event: 2-14 December 2018 Venue: Katowice, Poland  

Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
Bangkok Climate Change Conference 2018 //knoema.fr/syipelc/bangkok-climate-change-conference-2018 2018-08-09T05:36:25Z Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
Bangkok Climate Change Conference 2018

The resumed forty-eighth sessions of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA 48-2) and Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI 48-2) as well as the sixth part of the first session of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA 1-6) will take place from 4 to 9 September 2018, at the United Nations Conference Centre (UNCC), Bangkok, Thailand     Event holder: OECD

Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
COP22 Low-Emissions Solutions Conference //knoema.fr/ftcaykd/cop22-low-emissions-solutions-conference 2018-02-02T15:04:18Z Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
COP22 Low-Emissions Solutions Conference

      The COP22 'Low-Emissions Solutions Conference: Global Brainstorming on Practical Pathways to Low Emissions' will follow up on commitments made in the Paris Agreement on climate change, in which countries are responsible for submitting a Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) for the period to 2030, as well as a Low-Emission Development Strategy (LEDS) to 2050. Convening under the theme 'Global Brainstorming on Practical Pathways to Low Emissions,' the Conference will provide an opportunity to share knowledge, exchange information, identify bottlenecks, discuss best practices and prioritize future research. The conference will: support operationalization of the Paris Agreement; strengthen the technical capacities of countries to prepare their NDCs and LEDs; develop technology pathways for decarbonized energy systems; and create a dialogue among engineers and technology specialists on innovative solutions for a low-emissions future. The agenda includes the following issues: design of NDCS and LEDS; cities and energy efficiency in buildings; transport; power generation and distribution; and public policies and regulations to support the decarbonization of energy systems. The Conference will be held on the sidelines of the 22nd session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 22) to the UNFCCC. It is the first time in the history of the COP that a large-scale technical solutions conference is being organized for countries, and the goal is that it become an annual event at future COPs. The Conference is being organized by the Government of Morocco, the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), the World Business Council on Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and the ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability.   Event Holder: International Institute for Sustainable Development Source of data: World Development Indicators (WDI), July 2016, World Bank Climate Change, 2015, Environmental Performance Index, 2016, Greenhouse Gas Emissions (source: EEA)

Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
CO2 Emissions of Newly Registered Cars in Europe //knoema.fr/qjbgyqb/co2-emissions-of-newly-registered-cars-in-europe 2017-11-08T13:55:33Z Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
CO2 Emissions of Newly Registered Cars in Europe

Information that EU member states submit annually per Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 to the European Commission and onward to the European Environment Agency (EEA) on newly registered passenger cars provide a unique opportunity to analyze CO2 emissions. The data reveal thought-provoking trends from the perspective of purchasing patterns of lowest to highest emission cars and the corresponding potential contribution of each make and model to air pollution.Premium-class sport cars are the ‘dirtiest’ based on CO2 emissions, with Bugatti vehicles—each emitting more than half a kilogram of CO2 per kilometer (km)—at the top. Yet, the potential contribution of these cars to the climate change is restrained by the limited number on the roads. Member countries reported a total of only five Bugatti new car registrations during 2015. Likewise, only one Pagani, the second dirtiest car in the class, was registered last year.In contrast, cars with relatively low CO2 emissions are, as a rule, more popular and consequently pollute more air in total. For example, while Ford cars are among the ten ‘cleanest’ cars—emitting around 100 grams of CO2 per km—with more than 1 million new Ford cars registered in Europe last year, the contribution from this make to atmospheric pollution is far more significant than that of Ferrari, the most popular premium-class sport car.Excluding electric cars, hybrid cars, such as the BMW I (23g of CO2 per km), Fisker (53g of CO2 per km) and Smart (93g of CO2 per km), have the lowest CO2 emissions among passenger vehicles. However, just as too few of the dirtiest premium-class sport cars are registered each year to dramatically contribute to air pollution, too few of the cleanest cars are purchased to combat climate change. At least, for now. The EEA data also reveal interesting differences among the EU member countries. Germany recorded the highest average CO2 emissions per new passenger car registered in 2015. Residents of other North-East countries such as Poland, Latvia and Estonia showed similar car buying preferences. Residents of South-West Europe, stretching from Portugal to Malta to Greece and even Croatia, knowingly or not, tended toward cleaner cars.

Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
Progress Towards Europe 2020 Headline Targets //knoema.fr/yyvfprb/progress-towards-europe-2020-headline-targets 2016-08-24T12:35:05Z Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
Progress Towards Europe 2020 Headline Targets

The Europe 2020 strategy, adopted by the European Council on 17 June 2010, is the EU's agenda for growth and jobs for the current decade. It emphasises smart, sustainable and inclusive growth as a way to overcome the structural weaknesses in Europe's economy, improve its competitiveness and productivity and underpin a sustainable social market economy.

Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
Law, Justice and Development Week 2016: Law, Climate Change and Development //knoema.fr/ysljkdb/law-justice-and-development-week-2016-law-climate-change-and-development 2016-08-10T18:47:18Z Alina Buzanakova knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1293450
Law, Justice and Development Week 2016: Law, Climate Change and Development

On Earth Day this year, more than 175 countries signed the Paris Agreement, setting an all-time record for the number of countries signing international agreement on a single day. The Paris Agreement sets out a global action plan to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to below 2°C. Now, the world’s attention is shifting from negotiation to implementation. Implementing the Paris Agreement will require new laws, new regulations, and unprecedented levels of international legal cooperation. In November, the UN Framework Conference on Climate Change will meet again, this time in Marrakech, to flesh out the decisions taken in Paris. And in December, LJD Week 2016 will bring the world’s development lawyers together to begin realizing the commitments of the Paris Agreement. This conference will be a key milestone in developing the legal and regulatory framework to accelerate our global transition to low carbon economies. LJD Week 2016 will mark an historic opportunity to focus on the processes that will be needed to capture the Paris commitments in laws which set national targets and make them binding and enforceable; laws that permit countries to achieve greater energy efficiency; and laws that require far reaching changes in national energy systems, and in agricultural and manufacturing practices. Event Holder: World Bank Source of data: World Bank Climate Change

Alina Buzanakova knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1293450
Emissions of CO2 and other Greenhouse Gases Contributing to Global Warming //knoema.fr/hvnqvmc/emissions-of-co2-and-other-greenhouse-gases-contributing-to-global-warming 2016-08-01T14:28:06Z Apelila Hokoana knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1163070
Emissions of CO2 and other Greenhouse Gases Contributing to Global Warming

Apelila Hokoana knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1163070
Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Livestock //knoema.fr/maodxhb/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-livestock 2016-08-01T14:27:59Z Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Livestock

Have you ever wondered whether cattle rearing or car driving contributes more to the increase in greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the Earth’s atmosphere, thus exacerbating global warming? Look no further than today’s Viz of the Day, which provides insights on this issue courtesy of a report published by the Food and Agriculture Organization. The data clearly indicates that the modern livestock sector contributes more significantly to global warming than the whole of the transport sector. Among livestock species, cattle are responsible for nearly 65 percent of GHG emissions, with a single cow, steer, or bull producing more carbon dioxide (CO2) per year than a Ferrari*.According to the FAO, total emissions of greenhouse gases from livestock sector were about 6.53 gigatonnes of CO2 equivalent per year for the 2005 reference period**. This represents 15.5% of total anthropogenic GHG emissions of roughly 42 gigatonnes of CO2 equivalent for the same period. By comparison, the annual GHG emissions from the transport sector are only about 6.45 gigatonnes of CO2 equivalent. Carbon dioxide, however, represents the smallest element of livestock GHG emissions and is far less than the contribution from nitrous oxide (N2O) from manure to GHGs. Nitrous oxide has 296 times the Global Warming Potential of CO2 and constitutes 30% of livestock GHG emissions and 61% of global human-related nitrous oxide. Ensuring future food security and human livelihood while also protecting the Earth requires a transition towards a more sustainable livestock sector. Reducing GHG emissions supports this transition, and yet current food consumption and marketing trends directly work against efforts to decrease the demand for cattle and other livestock rearing. People are consuming more and more meat and dairy products every year. Global meat production has more than doubled during the last 30 years from 145.3 million tonnes in 1983 to 310.4 million tonnes in 2013 and is expected to further rise to 355 million tonnes by 2024. Production of milk increased by 50 percent during the same period and is going to rise by 19% during the next 11 years.Popular trends to support healthier eating and farming practices favor the use of manure as organic fertilizer, thus contributing to increasing N2O emissions. *On average, every kilogram (kg) of cattle meat generates 12 kgs of CO2 per year. The weight of average adult cow is about 700 kgs. So, each cow produces 12*700 or around 8,400 kgs of CO2 per year. At the same time, the average Ferrari emits 311 grams of CO2 per kilometre (km). Supposing that this Ferrari travels 20,000 km per year, the annual CO2 emissions from it would be 20,000*0.3 or around 6,000 kgs. **Not including emissions from "Other poultry", accounting for 72 million tonnes CO2-eq and emissions allocated to fiber production (wool), draught power and manure use fuel, which accounts for 400 million tonnes CO2-eq. Including these components increases total GHG emissions from livestock to 7.1 gigatonnes of CO2-eq.

Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
Seven Big Summits: Habitat III //knoema.fr/khragcb/seven-big-summits-habitat-iii 2016-07-19T08:07:13Z Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
Seven Big Summits: Habitat III

Event date: October 17-20 The most obscure summit on the US Council on Foreign Relation's 2016 "Seven  Big Summits" calendar may be the most important. In mid-October, the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat) will convene for only the third time in forty years. The time is certainly ripe. Back in 1976, when Vancouver hosted Habitat I, only 37.9 percent of the world’s population lived in cities. Today the figure is 54.5 percent and climbing rapidly. This chaotic urbanization has created what some have described as a planet of slums—but it has also opened a world of possibilities, given the historical role that cities have played in creating wealth and improving social welfare. Today’s cities cover only 2 percent of the world’s land surface but generate 70 percent of the world’s GDP, as well as 70 percent of its trash and greenhouse gases. The goal of Habitat III is to promote urbanization that works both for urban citizens and a warming planet. One concrete outcome should be a network of informal alliances among the world’s major cities so that they can learn from each other and cooperate to solve global problems. A worthy precedent is the C-40 Cities Climate Leadership Group. Spearheaded by former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, this network of scores of cities has become a leading force in the battle against global warming. The Nuclear Security Summit | UN General Assembly Special Session on the World Drug Problem | World Humanitarian Summit | Group of Seven Summit | Group of Twenty Summit | Habitat III | Conference of Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
Progress Towards Europe 2020 Headline Targets: Greenhouse Gas Emissions //knoema.fr/hzkfxuf/progress-towards-europe-2020-headline-targets-greenhouse-gas-emissions 2016-04-22T05:35:33Z Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
Progress Towards Europe 2020 Headline Targets: Greenhouse Gas Emissions

By 2013, emissions of greenhouse gases in the EU have fallen by 19.8%, compared with the levels in 1990. This marks a strong progress towards achieving the 2020 headline target of a 20% reduction. Since the early 1990s, the highest drop over the period of one year was recorded between 2008 and 2009, when emissions fell by 6.5%. This large decline in greenhouse gas emissions has mainly been attributed to weakened economic activities during the crisis in sectors such as industry, transport and energy. The mild winter of 2010/11 further contributed to the reduction of energy demand and emissions. In 2013 the level was only 0.2% away from the target. Main page: Progress towards Europe 2020 headline targets

Alex Kulikov knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1847910
Second Environmental Protection and Sustainability Forum //knoema.fr/elgdsx/second-environmental-protection-and-sustainability-forum 2016-03-09T09:18:47Z Alina Buzanakova knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1293450
Second Environmental Protection and Sustainability Forum

The Department of Economics and the Institute for Policy Research at the University of Bath are hosting this international forum to discuss state-of-the-art academic research on international environmental agreements informed by the insights of policymakers and practitioners in the field. The forum will include academic presentations (ten academic keynote presentations and 40 academic contributed papers) and engagement with stakeholders through roundtable discussions and public lectures. The forum seeks to connect researchers with those who design and implement policy, as well as those who are affected by the policies. The first Forum was hosted by the University of Exeter in 2011. The following topics, inter alia, are expected to be addressed: impact of the negotiation process on implementation of environmental agreements; the role of institutions in shaping and monitoring agreements; the role of research and development, adaptation and geoengineering in the success of climate change mitigation strategies; the impact of policy instruments at the international and domestic level on the success of agreements; the role of international and domestic law in designing international environmental agreements; ecological, technological and societal thresholds and tipping points; the roles of uncertainty, risk and learning; and the economic impacts of agreements. Event Holder: International Institute for Sustainable Development (Sustainable Development Policy and Practice)

Alina Buzanakova knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1293450
GHG emissions by country //knoema.fr/aocqntg/ghg-emissions-by-country 2014-09-01T12:29:22Z Misha Gusev knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1000560
GHG emissions by country

Misha Gusev knoema.fr://knoema.fr/user/1000560