Technicians in R&D and equivalent staff are people whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in engineering, physical and life sciences (technicians), or social sciences and humanities (equivalent staff). They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts and operational methods, normally under the supervision of researchers.

Techniciens en R et D (par million de personnes)

20002005201020112012201320142015201620172018
Australie819,5
Cambodge60,9
Chine, RAS de Hong Kong208,0346,6309,9351,4394,4293,4278,2374,6324,6398,0315,8
Indonésie16,317,534,7
Japon619,1558,9582,4559,1512,6513,8537,0522,0502,6520,7524,3
Corée, République de447,5539,4959,91 042,41 152,91 156,11 228,21 212,11 227,81 251,11 311,4
Région administrative spéciale de Macao, Chine228,2581,5666,3645,3732,6745,81 107,3160,7218,0182,5
Malaisie39,7130,3158,8162,8212,2132,4263,3233,4
Myanmar18,7
Nouvelle-Zélande773,81 018,4995,91 040,21 276,0
Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée10,8
Philippines10,412,528,017,5
Singapour337,6556,7456,3458,4456,3454,3450,7450,0422,3377,4
Thaïlande160,8167,6191,3240,7319,8296,9
Viet Nam71,065,671,5
Autriche2 169,02 373,72 579,52 648,1
Belgique1 403,21 426,61 316,51 377,9
Bosnie-Herzégovine52,639,740,852,166,163,767,050,9
Bulgarie479,2491,5498,9442,2
Croatie395,2601,4600,9621,4617,1659,4676,5745,8638,2714,1
Chypre279,6366,9257,2256,4236,8236,6264,5257,0271,4325,1
République tchèque711,31 342,61 515,71 619,11 739,61 788,41 873,81 825,21 828,91 957,22 186,4
Danemark1 988,62 260,52 123,6
Estonie378,8418,3680,9662,0708,9802,1676,1675,1710,2654,8
France1 720,71 882,41 876,41 874,21 836,11 809,31 798,41 804,91 805,5
Géorgie136,6191,6173,3190,9195,4241,6
Allemagne1 159,01 400,71 725,51 733,31 709,51 883,21 909,91 945,72 006,7
Grèce752,8585,1
Hongrie505,5455,2601,1657,5708,9787,9696,9727,4641,0770,3
Islande2 266,91 868,21 639,52 100,92 371,5
Irlande686,7734,8670,1794,0874,51 009,21 045,91 161,91 152,01 164,6
Kazakhstan27,928,164,1176,9184,0161,8149,2123,8123,9
Lettonie266,3471,6431,8391,2
Lituanie506,6429,4541,3462,5
Luxembourg3 402,53 362,83 289,32 954,32 941,33 094,03 285,53 109,13 166,0
Macédoine, ex-République yougoslave de114,581,582,059,6109,353,367,874,485,091,991,1
Moldova93,080,666,365,773,668,667,573,570,860,4
Monaco147,7
Monténégro103,3102,2202,7129,4175,4156,2
Pays-Bas1 514,31 421,41 326,42 037,7
Pologne354,0233,2285,4359,8420,6384,7438,5443,6399,8415,3
Portugal259,9277,7377,9339,9338,2742,3709,2752,8701,0780,1
Roumanie292,8233,4153,3252,4251,9248,0225,1267,4275,4278,8
Fédération de Russie570,3516,8474,2490,5475,2483,3496,6483,6460,9451,2437,8
Serbie334,8300,0312,5324,7350,8420,3430,9410,8412,0
République slovaque666,2415,8386,2355,0383,9329,4366,5389,2412,1484,1520,6
Slovénie1 616,41 413,61 922,32 459,42 313,12 522,92 392,32 399,62 373,91 814,2
Espagne627,6906,51 293,31 243,61 233,01 210,81 163,11 189,61 189,21 264,9
Suède2 027,5
Suisse2 320,92 682,82 935,22 619,7
Turquie37,370,0143,1172,3190,0198,0208,3220,5316,2353,7
Ukraine285,0262,5238,1216,6190,8186,7178,1159,6150,1
Royaume-Uni688,3934,31 140,11 061,31 188,21 255,51 350,01 305,4
Ouzbékistan83,566,658,561,157,358,559,362,345,748,1
Argentine158,3200,2247,5272,5307,2320,7318,8326,1328,6349,5398,1
Bolivie25,6
Brésil335,9497,1754,6809,7863,9917,3969,9
Chili229,1268,7308,3272,5313,7284,7296,7303,5
Équateur68,677,283,578,690,0
El Salvador14,012,521,6
Guatemala10,618,714,318,123,126,425,626,720,411,0
Honduras10,0
Mexique95,3243,3182,0184,9142,7137,6115,6120,9140,3
Panama45,692,8155,1
Paraguay12,577,540,246,3
Porto Rico168,7156,1
Trinité-et-Tobago278,2268,4
Algérie34,241,9
Bahreïn17,2
Égypte, République arabe d’250,8259,8267,2272,8351,6343,9336,6371,2369,6
Iran, République islamique d’187,8189,0160,6496,8
Iraq64,863,125,425,026,019,323,0
Jordanie108,9
Koweït39,642,329,130,019,762,054,848,550,945,2
Malte548,6808,7974,4912,7807,2948,4765,8743,0886,0
Maroc52,551,842,541,440,3
Oman117,155,452,642,652,423,042,832,8
Qatar179,6390,5397,1
République arabe syrienne68,0
Tunisie46,950,051,061,458,863,563,461,7
Émirats arabes unis889,5
Cisjordanie et Gaza71,8178,1
Canada1 240,71 642,31 520,81 555,01 369,91 378,31 353,01 455,61 247,81 268,4
Inde85,292,2100,695,573,1
Pakistan40,456,268,467,431,8
Sri Lanka91,460,982,774,7
Angola35,45,2
Botswana72,6125,1
Burkina Faso37,1
Burundi17,66,6
Cabo Verde8,040,5
Tchad8,3
Congo, République du35,5
Congo, République démocratique du6,7
Éthiopie10,216,433,133,3
Ghana29,528,7
Kenya627,7
Lesotho0,96,9
Madagascar46,310,615,416,519,410,812,6
Malawi60,0
Mali22,818,523,8
Maurice54,4130,3
Mozambique46,426,7
Namibie66,1
Niger10,18,5
Rwanda5,35,7
Sénégal34,836,9
Seychelles597,9
Afrique du Sud109,6105,6107,0124,6128,6141,7138,8134,6129,5
Swaziland36,0
Tanzanie10,66,2
Gambie398,888,8
Togo22,58,58,68,29,010,42,42,43,6
Ouganda13,810,8
Zimbabwe10,7