Classements Recherche et développement

Expenditures for research and development are current and capital expenditures (both public and private) on creative work undertaken systematically to increase knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture, and society, and the use of knowledge for new applications. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

Dépense de recherche et de développement, % du PIB (%)

20002005201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021
Australie1,62,42,22,21,91,91,8
Brunéi Darussalam0,3
Cambodge0,1
Chine0,91,31,71,81,92,02,02,12,12,12,12,22,42,4
Chine, RAS de Hong Kong0,50,80,70,70,70,70,70,80,80,80,90,91,01,0
Indonésie0,10,10,20,20,20,30,3
Japon2,93,13,13,23,23,33,43,23,13,23,23,23,33,3
Corée, République de2,12,53,33,63,94,04,14,04,04,34,54,64,84,9
Région administrative spéciale de Macao, Chine0,10,10,00,00,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,50,4
Malaisie0,51,01,01,11,31,31,41,01,0
Mongolie0,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,10,10,10,1
Myanmar0,10,00,10,10,10,1
Nouvelle-Zélande1,11,21,21,21,31,41,5
Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée0,0
Philippines0,10,10,10,20,3
Singapour1,82,11,92,11,91,92,12,22,11,91,81,92,2
Thaïlande0,20,20,40,40,50,60,81,01,11,11,3
Viet Nam0,10,30,40,40,40,4
Arménie0,20,30,20,30,20,20,20,30,20,20,20,20,20,2
Autriche1,92,42,72,72,93,03,13,03,13,13,13,13,23,3
Azerbaïdjan0,30,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,2
Bélarus0,70,70,70,70,60,70,50,50,50,60,60,60,50,5
Belgique1,91,82,12,22,32,32,42,42,52,72,93,23,43,4
Bosnie-Herzégovine0,00,30,30,30,20,20,20,20,20,20,2
Bulgarie0,50,40,60,50,60,60,80,90,80,70,80,80,80,8
Croatie1,00,80,70,70,70,80,80,80,80,81,01,11,21,2
Chypre0,20,40,40,50,40,50,50,50,50,50,60,70,80,8
République tchèque1,11,21,31,51,81,92,01,91,71,81,91,92,02,0
Danemark2,22,42,92,93,03,02,93,13,12,93,02,93,02,8
Estonie0,60,91,62,32,11,71,41,51,21,31,41,61,81,8
Finlande3,23,33,73,63,43,33,12,92,72,72,82,82,93,0
France2,12,12,22,22,22,22,32,22,22,22,22,22,32,2
Géorgie0,20,20,10,20,30,30,30,30,30,30,3
Allemagne2,42,42,72,82,92,82,92,92,93,03,13,23,13,1
Grèce0,60,60,70,70,80,81,01,01,21,21,31,51,5
Hongrie0,80,91,11,21,31,41,31,31,21,31,51,51,61,6
Islande2,62,72,41,71,92,22,12,12,02,32,52,8
Irlande1,11,21,61,61,61,61,51,21,21,31,21,21,21,1
Italie1,01,01,21,21,31,31,31,31,41,41,41,51,51,5
Kazakhstan0,20,30,20,20,20,20,20,20,10,10,10,10,10,1
République kirghize0,20,20,20,20,20,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,1
Lettonie0,40,50,60,70,70,60,70,60,40,50,60,60,70,7
Lituanie0,60,70,80,90,90,91,01,00,80,90,91,01,11,1
Luxembourg1,61,61,41,41,21,21,21,31,31,21,21,21,11,0
Macédoine, ex-République yougoslave de0,40,20,20,20,30,40,50,40,40,40,40,40,40,4
Moldova0,40,40,30,30,30,30,30,30,30,30,20,20,2
Monaco0,0
Monténégro0,90,30,40,40,40,30,30,50,4
Pays-Bas1,81,81,71,91,92,22,22,12,22,22,12,22,32,3
Norvège1,51,61,61,61,61,71,92,02,12,02,12,21,9
Pologne0,60,60,70,80,90,91,01,01,01,01,21,31,41,4
Portugal0,70,81,51,51,41,31,31,21,31,31,31,41,61,7
Roumanie0,40,40,40,50,50,40,40,50,50,50,50,50,50,5
Fédération de Russie1,01,11,11,01,01,01,11,11,11,11,01,01,1
Serbie0,90,40,70,70,90,70,70,80,80,90,90,90,91,0
République slovaque0,60,50,60,70,80,80,91,20,80,90,80,80,90,9
Slovénie1,41,42,12,42,62,62,42,22,01,91,92,02,12,1
Espagne0,91,11,41,31,31,31,21,21,21,21,21,31,41,4
Suède3,43,23,23,23,33,13,23,23,43,33,43,53,4
Suisse2,32,93,13,13,23,4
Tadjikistan0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,1
Turquie0,50,60,80,80,80,80,90,91,11,21,31,31,41,4
Ukraine0,91,00,80,70,70,70,70,60,50,40,50,40,40,3
Royaume-Uni1,61,51,61,61,61,62,32,32,32,32,72,72,92,9
Ouzbékistan0,40,20,20,10,20,20,20,20,20,10,10,10,10,1
Argentine0,40,40,60,60,60,60,60,60,60,60,50,50,50,5
Bolivie0,3
Brésil1,01,01,21,11,11,21,31,41,31,11,21,21,1
Chili0,30,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,30,3
Colombie0,10,20,20,20,20,30,30,40,30,30,30,30,3
Costa Rica0,40,50,50,50,50,60,40,40,40,40,30,3
Cuba0,50,50,60,30,40,50,40,40,30,40,50,60,5
Équateur0,40,30,30,40,4
El Salvador0,10,00,00,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,2
Guatemala0,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,1
Honduras0,00,00,00,10,1
Mexique0,30,40,50,50,40,40,40,40,40,30,30,30,3
Nicaragua0,10,10,10,10,1
Panama0,40,20,10,20,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,2
Paraguay0,10,00,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,2
Pérou0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,2
Porto Rico0,40,4
Trinité-et-Tobago0,10,10,00,00,00,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,1
Uruguay0,20,50,30,30,30,30,30,40,40,40,50,40,4
Venezuela0,20,20,20,30,30,3
Algérie0,10,5
Bahreïn0,1
Égypte, République arabe d’0,20,20,40,50,50,60,60,70,70,60,70,80,90,9
Iran, République islamique d’0,60,30,30,20,40,80,8
Iraq0,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,0
Israël3,83,93,93,94,14,04,14,24,54,64,85,25,75,6
Jordanie0,7
Koweït0,10,10,10,10,10,30,40,10,10,10,10,20,2
Malte0,50,60,70,80,70,70,70,60,60,60,60,70,7
Maroc0,7
Oman0,10,20,10,20,20,20,20,20,30,30,3
Qatar0,50,50,50,7
Arabie saoudite0,00,90,90,90,80,50,4
République arabe syrienne0,0
Tunisie0,70,70,70,60,60,60,60,60,70,70,7
Émirats arabes unis0,50,70,90,91,31,31,51,5
Cisjordanie et Gaza0,40,5
Canada1,92,01,81,81,81,71,71,71,71,71,71,81,91,7
États-Unis2,62,52,72,72,72,72,72,82,92,93,03,23,53,5
Inde0,80,80,80,80,70,70,70,70,70,70,70,70,6
Népal0,3
Pakistan0,10,40,30,30,20,20,20,2
Sri Lanka0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,1
Angola0,0
Botswana0,50,30,6
Burkina Faso0,20,20,60,20,20,3
Burundi0,10,10,2
Cabo Verde0,1
Tchad0,3
Côte d'Ivoire0,1
Congo, République démocratique du0,10,4
Éthiopie0,20,20,60,3
Ghana0,4
Kenya0,7
Lesotho0,00,1
Madagascar0,10,20,10,10,00,00,0
Mali0,60,30,30,20,2
Mauritanie0,0
Maurice0,30,40,20,40,30,40,40,4
Mozambique0,40,3
Namibie0,10,3
Rwanda0,60,8
Sénégal0,40,6
Seychelles0,30,2
Afrique du Sud0,80,70,70,70,70,70,70,70,80,70,60,6
Soudan0,50,2
Swaziland0,3
Tanzanie0,40,5
Gambie0,10,1
Togo0,20,20,2
Ouganda0,20,40,1
Zambie0,0